A new study suggests that breathing in wildfire smoke over long periods of time may increase the chance of developing certain cancers.
The research was presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026 and highlights a growing concern as wildfires become more frequent.
Wildfire smoke is made up of tiny particles and chemicals released when trees, plants, and other materials burn. These particles are small enough to enter the lungs and even pass into the bloodstream. Scientists have long known that this can cause breathing and heart problems, but its long-term effects on cancer have been less clear.
Researchers from the University of New Mexico analyzed data from a large group of adults across the United States. These individuals were part of a long-term health study and were followed for many years. The team used air quality data and satellite images to estimate how much wildfire smoke each person was exposed to.
They found that people who experienced higher levels of smoke exposure were more likely to develop several types of cancer. These included cancers of the lungs, colon, breast, bladder, and blood. The risk increased as exposure levels rose.
The study showed that even relatively low levels of exposure could be linked to higher cancer risk. This is important because many people experience smoke from distant wildfires, not just those living near fire zones.
Scientists believe the harmful effects come from toxic chemicals in the smoke. These chemicals can travel through the body and may damage cells. In addition, smoke can cause ongoing inflammation, which is known to contribute to cancer development.
Despite these findings, the study has some limitations. It relies on estimates of exposure based on where people live and does not track individual behavior. It also cannot fully prove that smoke directly causes cancer, only that there is a strong connection.
Still, the research raises important concerns about public health. As wildfires become more common, understanding their long-term effects is increasingly important.
In conclusion, this study suggests that wildfire smoke may pose a greater health risk than previously thought. While more research is needed, reducing exposure and improving air quality protections may help lower these risks in the future.
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Source: University of New Mexico.
