A recent study from Yale University has given scientists and the public a clearer picture of what drives DNA changes that can lead to cancer.
The findings help answer a key question: how much of cancer is caused by things we can control, and how much comes from factors we can’t change?
The researchers looked at genetic changes—called mutations—in 24 different types of cancer.
These mutations act like clues, showing how much outside factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun or tobacco smoke, contribute to the growth of cancer. By studying these patterns, the team was able to estimate how much preventable exposures influence cancer risk.
This is especially important for common cancers in the United States, where lifestyle and environmental factors play a big role. For example, skin cancers like melanoma are often linked to years of UV exposure from sunlight or tanning beds.
Lung cancers are strongly tied to smoking. Because these cancers are largely caused by human behavior, they are considered highly preventable.
Earlier research had already shown that certain lifestyle and environmental factors leave a genetic ‘fingerprint’ in our DNA. This new study goes further, estimating how much each factor contributes to cancer development.
For instance, a large portion of skin and bladder cancers could be traced to preventable causes, suggesting that changes such as using sunscreen and quitting smoking could make a major difference in lowering risk.
However, the researchers also found that not all cancers can be prevented so easily. Some, like prostate cancer and certain brain tumors called gliomas, are more closely linked to internal processes that happen as we age. These appear less affected by external factors like lifestyle or environment.
The results have important implications for individuals and for groups at higher risk. Some people may face greater exposure to cancer-causing agents because of where they live or the type of work they do. Identifying these risks can help in creating better prevention strategies.
The study did not cover all types of genetic changes. More complex DNA changes, such as duplicated genes or whole chromosomes, were not fully analyzed. This means more research is needed to understand these harder-to-detect factors.
Led by Jeffrey Townsend and published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, the study highlights how much control we can have over our cancer risk. It shows that public health measures and personal choices can play a big role in preventing some types of cancer.
For those concerned about their cancer risk, staying informed is essential. Other studies have suggested that certain diets, like very low-carb diets, could raise cancer risk, while taking vitamin D supplements may lower deaths from cancer. As research continues, these insights can guide people toward healthier choices and potentially reduce their risk.
Overall, this Yale study is an important reminder: while some cancers are out of our control, many can be prevented through lifestyle changes and protective measures.
If you care about cancer, please read studies about A common blood thinner can help fight cancer and findings of Heavy alcohol drinking is common in cancer patients.
For more about cancer, please read studies about Catching the silent killer: a new study on esophageal cancer and findings of New trick knocks out tough guy prostate cancer.
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