In a recent study, researchers found that the metabolic benefits of gastric bypass surgery and diet in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar and related to weight loss itself.
Previous studies have shown that gastric bypass surgery has unique therapeutic effects on blood glucose (sugar) control that are independent of weight loss.
But the results of such studies are complicated by the differences in weight loss among people who undergo procedures.
In the current study, the team recruited 22 participants with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The researchers evaluated the markers of glucose control before and after matched amounts of weight loss induced either by gastric bypass surgery or diet alone.
Researchers used techniques to measure how well an individual metabolizes glucose and how sensitive an individual is to insulin.
They found that after weight loss, levels of blood glucose were lower in both the surgery and diet groups. This shows the metabolic improvements.
There was a higher initial peak, followed by a decrease, in blood glucose in the surgery group after food consumption.
It is likely because of the marked increase in the rate of delivery of nutrients into circulation due to a restructured gastrointestinal tract.
The researchers also found that insulin sensitivity (a measure of how well the body responds to insulin) in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose (fat) tissue increased similarly in both groups after weight loss.
In addition, beta-cell function (a measure of insulin secretion relative to insulin sensitivity) increased similarly in both groups.
The nearly identical benefits of matched weight loss in the surgery and diet groups underscore the profound effects of substantial weight loss on metabolic function in people with type 2 diabetes.
These results challenge the notion that gastric bypass surgery has clinically meaningful effects on metabolic health that are independent of weight loss.
The researchers also notified that it’s difficult to achieve and maintain substantial weight loss with diet and other lifestyle changes alone.
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The study was conducted by Yoshino M et al., and published in N Engl J Med.
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