A new study led by the University of Otago, Christchurch, confirms that the HPV vaccination program in Aotearoa New Zealand has been highly effective in reducing cervical cancer. The research highlights that the effort and cost of introducing the vaccine were well worth it, as it provides long-term protection against cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.
Why the HPV Vaccine Matters
The HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine helps prevent cervical cancer by protecting against high-risk strains of the virus that cause abnormal cell growth in the cervix. It also helps prevent other HPV-related cancers, including those affecting the mouth and throat.
Associate Professor Peter Sykes, the study’s lead author, emphasizes the importance of encouraging all young people to get vaccinated. “This vaccine makes a real difference—not only does it prevent cervical cancer, but it also reduces the risk of other HPV-related diseases,” he says.
Study Findings: A Major Reduction in Cancer Risk
The research, published in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, analyzed data from the National Cervical Screening Program, the national vaccination register, and records of cervical abnormalities. The results showed that people who were vaccinated had a much lower risk of developing cervical cancer and precancerous conditions that require treatment.
One key finding was that the vaccine provided the most protection when given at a younger age. This reinforces the importance of ensuring that children receive the vaccine before they become exposed to HPV, ideally before the age of 16.
Equity in Vaccination Access
The study also highlighted the HPV vaccine as an important tool for health equity. Researchers found that access to the vaccine was equally available to Māori, Pacific, and European communities, making it a fair and effective public health intervention.
However, there is still work to be done. Vaccination rates in New Zealand remain lower than recommended, and they dropped further during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among Māori.
The Goal: Eliminate Cervical Cancer
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for 90% of all young people to be vaccinated against HPV to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. To meet this goal, New Zealand must increase vaccination ratesacross all communities.
Professor Sykes stresses the need for further investment in the program. “If we want to eliminate cervical cancer for all people in Aotearoa New Zealand, we must improve vaccination rates equitably. The evidence is clear—the HPV vaccine works, and we need to make sure more people get it.”
Vaccination is Not a Replacement for Screening
Although the HPV vaccine significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer, it does not prevent all cases. Researchers emphasize that regular cervical screening is still necessary to detect any abnormalities early.
This study provides strong evidence that the HPV vaccine is an effective and necessary tool in cancer prevention. With increased efforts to boost vaccination rates, New Zealand has the opportunity to eliminate cervical cancer and protect future generations from HPV-related diseases.
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The research findings can be found in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand.
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