A recent study conducted at the University of Gothenburg has shed light on the oral health of individuals before and after undergoing surgical treatment for severe obesity.
This research has unveiled a concerning trend, indicating that those who have undergone obesity surgery face a higher risk of dental caries (cavities) and a general decline in oral health.
The study aimed to investigate the oral health of participants before and after treatment for severe obesity, where treatment options included surgery or medical treatment.
Obesity Treatment Methods
Individuals with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 40 or higher, or 35 or higher in combination with other medical conditions such as diabetes, were included in the study.
The medical treatment approach involved lifestyle advice, dietary modifications, potential drug therapy, and support for increased physical activity.
However, surgical intervention has proven to be more effective for weight loss, leading to a growing number of individuals opting for surgery to combat obesity.
Higher BMI Linked to Greater Caries Risk
The study observed a clear association between higher BMI values and an increased risk of dental caries. Individuals with the highest BMI values faced a doubled risk of caries and were also less likely to receive regular dental care.
Impact of Surgery on Dental Health
Two years after undergoing either surgical or medical treatment, significant differences emerged between the two groups.
Patients who had undergone surgery experienced an increase in the number of caries lesions on the surface of their tooth enamel, rising from an average of 15.0 lesions to 19.1.
In contrast, the group receiving medical treatment saw a decrease in enamel lesions.
The study also examined deeper caries lesions in the dentine, with an initial average value of 4.3 lesions pre-treatment.
Two years after treatment, individuals in the surgery group had an average of 6.4 such lesions, whereas those in the medical treatment group had 4.9 lesions.
These findings remained statistically significant even when accounting for factors such as socioeconomic status and other medical conditions.
Impact on Oral Health Quality of Life
Individuals who underwent surgical obesity treatment also reported various oral symptoms and a negative impact on their oral quality of life.
Common symptoms included tooth hypersensitivity and difficulties with chewing, which could contribute to social discomfort.
Implications for Healthcare
The study emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals and dental practitioners being aware of the potential oral health consequences associated with obesity and its treatment methods.
Recognizing these risks allows for the implementation of preventive measures and tailored oral health care for individuals undergoing obesity treatment.
This research is part of the larger BAriatic surgery SUbstitution and Nutrition (BASUN) study, initiated by researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy to compare the long-term outcomes of medical and surgical obesity treatments.
If you care about weight management, please read studies about diets that could boost your gut health and weight loss, and 10 small changes you can make today to prevent weight gain.
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