Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity.
However, new research suggests that the environment we live in today may be especially harmful for people who are already genetically at higher risk of developing the disease.
A study led by researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) found that people with a high genetic risk of type 2 diabetes are now developing the condition more often than in the past.
The findings were published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
The researchers analyzed data from more than 86,000 people, using nearly 200,000 health measurements collected over several decades through the long-running HUNT Study in Norway.
This allowed them to track changes in diabetes rates from the 1980s to the 2010s.
They discovered that the gap between people with high and low genetic risk has widened over time.
In other words, individuals with a strong genetic tendency toward diabetes are being affected more than before, while those with lower genetic risk have seen little change.
The researchers believe this shift is closely linked to major changes in modern society. Compared to the 1980s, today’s world offers far more opportunities for unhealthy habits.
High-calorie foods are widely available, affordable, and heavily marketed. At the same time, many people spend more time sitting, whether watching TV, using smartphones, or working on computers.
In the past, people also enjoyed treats and less healthy foods, but these were often limited to special occasions. Everyday life involved more physical movement, and access to constant snacking was more limited. Today, the combination of convenience, technology, and lifestyle changes has created an environment that makes it easier to gain weight and develop metabolic problems.
According to the researchers, this environment may have a stronger impact on people who are already genetically vulnerable. These individuals may be more sensitive to factors like excess calories, inactivity, and weight gain, which can increase their chances of developing diabetes.
Interestingly, the study found that people with a low genetic risk of diabetes appeared to be less affected by these changes. Their rates of type 2 diabetes remained relatively stable over time. This suggests that some individuals may have a form of genetic protection, although scientists do not yet fully understand how this works.
The findings highlight the complex relationship between genes and lifestyle. While genetics can increase risk, environmental factors play a major role in determining whether the disease actually develops.
In simple terms, modern life may be making it harder for people with certain genetic traits to stay healthy. The study suggests that creating healthier environments and supporting better lifestyle choices could be especially important for those at higher risk.
Understanding this interaction between genes and environment may help guide future prevention strategies and reduce the growing burden of type 2 diabetes worldwide.
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Source: KSR.
