Staying active becomes more difficult as people grow older, especially for those living with chronic health problems such as diabetes, asthma, or joint pain.
Many forms of exercise can feel too demanding or uncomfortable, leading to reduced physical activity and declining health over time.
A new study from New Zealand suggests that electric bicycles, also known as e-bikes, could offer a practical and enjoyable way for people to stay active while protecting their bodies.
The research, conducted by the University of Otago in Wellington and published in the New Zealand Medical Journal, examined the experiences of 26 Māori and Pacific participants who took part in the HIKO e-bike pilot program in Wainuiomata in 2023.
Participants received an e-bike along with safety equipment, cycling training, and mechanical support. Researchers interviewed them at the beginning of the program and again after six and twelve months to understand how their health and daily lives had changed.
E-bikes differ from traditional bicycles because they include a small electric motor that assists with pedaling. This makes riding easier, especially on hills or over long distances, while still providing physical activity. For people who struggle with fatigue, breathlessness, or joint pain, the assistance can make cycling possible when it otherwise would not be.
Participants reported improvements in both physical and mental health. Many said that regular riding helped them manage long-term conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, gout, asthma, insomnia, and chronic pain in the hips or knees.
The gentle movement allowed them to exercise without putting excessive strain on their joints. Some riders explained that e-biking helped them stay active even when traditional exercise felt too harsh on their bodies.
The mental health benefits were also significant. Riders described feeling calmer, less stressed, and more focused after spending time cycling outdoors. Several participants said that riding gave them a break from daily worries and responsibilities, improving their mood and sense of well-being.
For some, the experience encouraged broader lifestyle changes. One participant reported that regular e-bike use helped them quit smoking without gaining weight, while others said it motivated them to lose weight or adopt healthier habits.
The study highlighted that e-bikes may be especially helpful for middle-aged and older adults who want to remain active but face physical limitations.
People with knee or hip problems found that the motor assistance allowed them to keep moving without worsening pain. Larger riders and those with low fitness levels also reported feeling more confident and capable when using an e-bike compared with a traditional bicycle.
Researchers noted that physical activity levels in New Zealand have been declining for years. National health surveys show that fewer adults now meet recommended exercise guidelines compared with a decade ago.
Because most people travel every day, replacing car trips with e-bike journeys for commuting or errands could provide a sustainable way to increase daily activity without requiring extra time for exercise sessions.
The study also emphasized the importance of support systems. Participants benefited from training, maintenance assistance, and group rides that built confidence and encouraged continued use.
Experts believe similar programs could help people in other communities adopt active transport options. However, improving cycling infrastructure, such as safe bike lanes and secure storage, would be essential to make e-biking accessible and safe for more people.
Health professionals could also play a role by recommending e-biking to patients who need gentle physical activity. Some countries already use “green prescriptions,” where doctors prescribe lifestyle changes such as exercise to improve health. Including e-biking as an option could support people who might not otherwise engage in physical activity.
Although the study involved a relatively small group, it provides valuable insight into how e-bikes may improve health and quality of life. Larger studies will be needed to confirm the results and determine long-term benefits.
Still, the findings suggest that electric bicycles could be an effective tool for promoting healthier aging, reducing chronic disease symptoms, and improving mental well-being.
Overall, the research shows that simple changes in daily transportation can have a meaningful impact on health. By making physical activity easier and more enjoyable, e-bikes may help many people stay active, independent, and engaged in their communities as they age.
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