A new study from Northwestern University has found that many Chicago parents are not eating enough omega-3 fatty acids, nutrients that are essential for brain and heart health.
The research revealed that both mothers and fathers consume far less than the recommended amounts of omega-3s, with women eating even less than men.
The deficiency may not only affect parents’ health but also have long-term effects on their children.
The study, published in Nutrients, surveyed more than 1,000 parents across every neighborhood in Chicago.
Researchers discovered that families with lower household incomes, certain racial or ethnic backgrounds, or those not taking DHA supplements tended to have the lowest omega-3 intake.
Women who had previously given birth prematurely were also found to consume less omega-3s than those who had not.
Omega-3 fatty acids—especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—are vital nutrients found mainly in seafood such as salmon, sardines, tuna, mackerel, and trout.
They play key roles in brain development, vision, immune health, and reducing inflammation. For adults, omega-3s are known to protect against heart disease and support overall well-being.
Despite these benefits, most parents in the study consumed far less than the 250 milligrams of EPA and DHA per day recommended by health authorities.
On average, mothers consumed only about 130 mg per day and fathers about 160 mg. Regular seafood consumption is typically needed to reach the recommended level.
Dr. Daniel Robinson, associate professor of pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and physician at Lurie Children’s Hospital, said the findings highlight how parents’ eating habits can shape their children’s diets.
“Children learn from what they see at home,” he explained. “If parents don’t eat enough omega-3-rich foods, it’s likely their children won’t either. These habits start early and can influence health throughout life.”
Previous studies have shown that women with low omega-3 intake are at greater risk of premature birth. In this study, mothers who reported past preterm births were currently eating even fewer omega-3s, raising concerns about potential risks if they become pregnant again.
“If someone who’s already had a preterm birth continues to eat very little seafood, their risk might stay high,” Robinson said. “We should be talking about omega-3s as part of pre-pregnancy and prenatal care.”
To increase omega-3 intake, researchers suggest promoting culturally appropriate dietary guidance and improving access to nutritious foods.
Community-based nutrition education and stronger support from health professionals could also make a difference. “This isn’t just about pregnancy,” Robinson added. “We need to think across the entire family timeline—from before conception through childhood and beyond.”
The study drew data from the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Panel Survey, which tracks family health and parenting trends. Participants completed food questionnaires to estimate their omega-3 intake and shared information about their neighborhoods and supplement use.
While DHA supplements can boost intake, Robinson emphasized that getting omega-3s from whole foods provides additional nutrients like protein and vitamins. “Seafood gives you the biggest nutritional benefit,” he said. “It’s not just about one nutrient—it’s about the whole package.”
The study concludes that improving parents’ omega-3 intake could have lasting public health benefits, from supporting heart and brain health to reducing preterm birth risks. By encouraging families to eat more fish and other omega-3-rich foods, communities can help promote better health for both parents and children.
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