A new study from Yale University has shed light on how much of cancer risk comes from preventable factors, giving a clearer picture of how lifestyle choices and environmental exposures contribute to different types of tumors.
The researchers looked at genetic mutations in 24 types of cancer to see how many of them were caused by outside factors, like ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun or tanning beds, and tobacco use. These mutations helped the team figure out how much control we might have over the development of certain cancers.
The findings are especially important for common cancers in the United States that are strongly linked to human behavior and environmental exposures.
For example, most skin cancers like melanoma are caused by too much UV light, while many lung cancers are linked to smoking. These are considered highly preventable cancers because their main causes are linked to choices people make.
While earlier research showed that scientists can predict how certain exposures cause specific mutations, this new study went further by estimating exactly what percentage of each cancer type comes from known preventable factors. The team was able to separate the roles of both known and unknown factors in causing cancer.
They found that some cancers, like those in the bladder and skin, are heavily influenced by preventable factors. This means that taking protective steps — such as using sunscreen and avoiding tanning beds or quitting smoking — could greatly reduce the risk.
On the other hand, cancers like prostate cancer and gliomas (a type of brain cancer) are more often linked to internal aging processes and are less affected by external lifestyle changes.
This research could also help identify risks for groups of people who face higher-than-average cancer rates, such as certain workers who may be exposed to cancer-causing chemicals. By figuring out how much of a cancer type is caused by preventable factors, scientists can better investigate possible environmental dangers.
However, the researchers note that their approach does not yet include all genetic changes linked to tumors, especially more complex changes like duplicated genes or chromosomes. More research will be needed to fully understand these and their role in cancer development.
The study, led by Jeffrey Townsend and published in Molecular Biology and Evolution, highlights how important public health measures and personal choices are in preventing cancer. For example, reducing sun exposure, quitting smoking, and avoiding known carcinogens could prevent a large number of cases.
Other recent research has suggested that certain dietary choices, like low-carb diets, might increase cancer risk, while vitamin D supplements may significantly lower cancer-related deaths. By staying informed about risks and preventive strategies, people can make better decisions to protect their health.
If you care about cancer, please read studies about A common blood thinner can help fight cancer and findings of Heavy alcohol drinking is common in cancer patients.
For more information about cancer, please read studies about Catching the silent killer: a new study on esophageal cancer and findings of New trick knocks out tough guy prostate cancer.
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