Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a groundbreaking test that could revolutionize oral cancer screening.
Guy Adami and Dr. Joel Schwartz from the UIC College of Dentistry have invented a diagnostic kit that utilizes a simple brush to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most common form of oral cancer.
This new screening method, which is currently seeking commercial partners, aims to improve upon the traditional approach of surgical biopsies.
Biopsies, which require an extra referral step, often result in patients not returning for follow-up until the cancer has advanced to more severe stages. The brush test offers a more straightforward and less invasive alternative.
The test works by detecting microRNA, small segments of genetic material that regulate gene expression. Adami and Schwartz’s prior research identified a signature of 40 microRNA sequences that can accurately distinguish between tumor and normal tissue.
This test is particularly effective because it analyzes epithelial cells from the mouth’s outer layer, which are easily collected with a gentle brushing. The sample is then sent to a lab for analysis, with results potentially returned within days.
The brush biopsy has several advantages over surgical biopsies and blood tests. Surgical biopsies can mix different cell types, complicating analysis and potentially spreading cancerous cells.
Blood tests, while general in their cancer detection, lack the specificity of the brush method, which targets a single site for more focused treatment.
The UIC team’s invention is particularly significant for populations at higher risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma or those who lack regular dental care.
For instance, Black men, who have a significantly lower survival rate for this cancer, could benefit greatly from this accessible screening method.
Additionally, the technology holds promise for diagnosing other oral diseases by identifying unique microRNA signatures.
To bring their test to dental clinics, Adami and Schwartz established Arphion Diagnostics and are collaborating with the UIC Office of Technology Management.
They continue to seek business partnerships to advance this technology, which could have a profound impact on detecting and treating oral diseases beyond cancer.
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