Vaccines such as Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca are designed to prevent severe Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19) due to acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and are highly efficacious.
The efficacy is not different in people with and without obesity except for AstraZeneca which is not known, according to a new position statement from The Obesity Society (TOS).
Trials have demonstrated high efficacy in individuals with and without obesity against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death.
Therefore, TOS encourages individuals with obesity to undergo vaccination with any of the available vaccines authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as soon as they are able.
The disease of obesity is a recognized risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in persons with COVID-19 subsequent to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
In addition, obesity is associated with conditions that are independent risk factors and predictors of mortality from COVID-19, including diabetes, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and pulmonary diseases.
Due to the increased prevalence of severe disease, hospitalization, and death, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified obesity as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 as a high-risk medical condition in the COVID-19 pandemic.
On Dec. 20, 2020, the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that persons aged 16-64 years with obesity should be prioritized for vaccination in Phase 1c of the phased allocation to provide guidance for federal, state and local jurisdictions where vaccine supply was limited.
Authors of the position statement wrote the document in response to published literature, as well as inquiries made to the Society by patients, providers, Society members, policymakers and others regarding the efficacy of vaccines in persons with obesity against SARS-CoV-2.
In their review, the authors found the following based on each of the vaccines:
Pfizer: In a sub-group analysis of the 13,218 participants with obesity, vaccine efficacy was 95.4 % among participants with obesity compared to 94.8% among participants without obesity.
Further stratification by age revealed vaccine efficacy of younger adults (age 16-64) with obesity (94.9 %) and older adults (age ≥65) with obesity (100%).
Moderna: A sub-group analysis among participants with severe obesity demonstrated a vaccine efficacy of 91.2%, with only one case of severe COVID-19 illness identified among 901 participants with severe obesity, compared to 11 cases among 884 participants in the placebo group with severe obesity.
Further analysis reported a vaccine efficacy of 95.8% for participants with obesity, with 2 COVID-19 cases in the vaccine group and 46 in the placebo group.
Johnson & Johnson: There were 12,492 participants with obesity in the trial. Vaccine efficacy 14 days after dose one was 66.8% and 65.9%, 28 days after dose one compared to placebo in obese participants.
There were no deaths attributable to COVID-19 in the vaccine group, whereas 6 of the 7 fatalities due to COVID-19 in the placebo group were among participants with obesity.
AstraZeneca: Participants with obesitycomprised 19.4% and 20.3% of each trial cohort and was the most common comorbid condition.
In an interim sub-group analysis of participants with one or more comorbidities, the vaccine efficacy was 73.4%, though, in the updated sub-group analysis, the vaccine efficacy was 62.7%.
The specific vaccine efficacy and safety data in persons with obesity is not yet published.
The following recommendations are currently endorsed by TOS regarding vaccine efficacy in persons with obesity:
TOS has confidence in the FDA-approved vaccine trials and the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices updated interim vaccine allocation recommendations in the indicated U.S. populations, including those individuals with obesity and severe obesity.
TOS recommends that persons with obesity be vaccinated for prevention of COVID-19, in agreement with CDC recommendations, as obesity is clearly associated with an increased risk of more severe course of COVID-19 disease and death.
There is no definitive way to determine which COVID vaccine is “best.”
Current FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson were all highly efficacious against COVID-19—associated hospitalization and death in trials, and were found to be equally efficacious in persons with obesity compared to normal weight individuals.
TOS advises persons with obesity to accept whichever available vaccination is offered.
Publication of long-term vaccine efficacy outcomes, stratified by obesity status, in peer-reviewed journals is needed and is strongly encouraged.
Currently, available peer-reviewed data do not support the hypothesis of impaired humoral responses to SARS-CoV2 vaccine in people with obesity.
TOS recommends that in the development of care plans for patients with COVID-19, obesity (BMI >30kg/m2) and severe obesity (BMI ≥40kg/m2) should be included as a significant risk of more severe course and outcome of COVID-19.
TOS strongly supports evidence-based weight management therapies which support a healthy BMI and the promotion of COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccine prioritization.
TOS strongly supports policies which ensure access to such treatments, including adequate and equitable coverage for behavioral, medical, device and surgical treatments for obesity.
TOS plans to monitor emerging data on vaccine efficacy and will issue an updated evidence-based position statement at a future time.
If you care about COVID vaccines, please read studies about what you need to know about COVID vaccines and imaging scans and findings of old vaccines can fight new pandemics like COVID-19.
For more information about COVID vaccination, please see recent studies about Had COVID-19? One vaccine dose enough and results showing that this new vaccine can block COVID-19 and variants, plus other coronaviruses.
Source: The Obesity Society
