In a new study, researchers found that zinc and folic acid, a pair of dietary supplements long touted as an effective treatment for male infertility, failed to improve pregnancy rates, sperm counts, and sperm potency.
The finding presents the most definitive evidence to date that so-called fertility supplements do not live up expectations.
The take-home message for men is that there is high-quality data that zinc and folic acid do not improve live birth outcomes or semen function.
The research was conducted by a team at the University of Utah Health and other medical centers.
Many fertility supplements contain zinc, a mineral essential for sperm development, and folate, the natural form of folic acid that helps form DNA in the sperm.
These over-the-counter supplements, also known as nutraceuticals, are often promoted as a natural way to enhance sperm formation, sperm count, and movement.
However, previous studies of these products have produced inconclusive results.
In this study, the researchers recruited 2,370 couples planning to undergo infertility treatments in Salt Lake City, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Iowa City, Iowa.
Men were randomly assigned to either receive a placebo or a daily supplement consisting of 5 milligrams of folic acid and 30 milligrams of zinc for six months.
Women were asked to complete questionnaires for up to 18 months following the beginning of the trial in order to track pregnancy outcomes.
Researchers found no meaningful differences in live births between the men who received the supplement (404 births, 34%) and the placebo group (416 births, 35%).
Men in the two groups also had similar measures for total sperm count, mobility, and shape.
However, men who took the supplements had a higher proportion of broken DNA in sperm than in the placebo group.
Prior studies suggest that this phenomenon, known as DNA fragmentation, can contribute to male infertility.
Men in the supplement group also complained of more abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms than those in the placebo group.
The team says that nutraceuticals like zinc and folic acid really don’t improve the chances of a couple getting pregnant and actually can cause side effects that are not beneficial.
It’s important for men of all ages to eat a healthy diet to maintain fertility, but you don’t necessarily need to take something extra to help you achieve better sperm parameters.
One author of the study is James M. Hotaling, M.D., a U of U Health urologist specializing in male infertility.
The study is published in JAMA.
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