In a new study, researchers have discovered a new sensory organ that is able to detect painful mechanical damage, such as pricks and impacts.
The research was conducted by a team at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden.
Pain causes suffering and results in substantial costs for society.
Almost one person in every five experiences constant pain and there is a considerable need to find new painkilling drugs.
However, sensitivity to pain is also required for survival and it has a protective function.
It prompts reflex reactions that prevent damage to tissue, such as pulling your hand away when you feel a jab from a sharp object or when you burn yourself.
In the new study, the team discovered a new sensory organ in the skin that is sensitive to hazardous environmental irritation.
It is comprised of glia cells with multiple long protrusions and which collectively go to make up a mesh-like organ within the skin.
This organ is sensitive to painful mechanical damage such as pricks and pressure.
In their paper, the team described what the new pain-sensitive organ looks like, how it is organized together with pain-sensitive nerves in the skin and how activation of the organ results in electrical impulses in the nervous system that result in reflex reactions and experience of pain.
The cells that make up the organ are highly sensitive to mechanical stimuli, which explain how they can participate in the detection of painful pinpricks and pressure.
In their experiments, the team also blocked the organ and saw a resultant decreased ability to feel mechanical pain.
The findings show that sensitivity to pain does not occur only in the skin’s nerve fibers, but also in this recently-discovered pain-sensitive organ.
The discovery changes scientists’ understanding of the cellular mechanisms of physical sensation, and it may be of significance in the understanding of chronic pain.
The lead author of the study is Patrik Ernfors, professor at Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
The study is published in the journal Science.
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