In a new study, researchers found that in-person social contact may offer some protection against depression and PTSD symptoms, but the same is not true of contact on Facebook.
The study was conducted by Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health and Science University researchers.
Previous research has shown that social isolation is closely linked with negative mental health outcomes.
Social support may act as a buffer against stressors that worsen depression, anxiety, or other emotional problems.
While in-person social contact is known to lead to better health, little research exists on whether this connection also applies to social media interaction on the internet.
In the current study, the researchers gave an online survey to 587 veterans who had served since September 2001.
Participants were recruited through Facebook ads, meaning that everyone in the study was a Facebook user.
The survey asked participants how often they had social contact with family and friends in person and on Facebook.
Each participant was also screened for major depression, PTSD, alcohol use disorder, and suicidality.
The results showed that participants who had the in-person contact at least a few times per week had about 50% lower odds for both major depression and PTSD symptoms, compared with participants who saw friends and family infrequently.
The researchers caution that the results cannot prove a direct cause and effect between social contact and better health.
While this and other research suggests that social relationships may directly affect health, it may also be that mental health conditions lead to more social isolation.
The frequency of social contact through Facebook did not affect risk for depression or PTSD. Neither in-person nor Facebook interaction frequency affected risk for alcohol use disorder or suicidality for the study group.
The findings line up with previous research. A 2015 study found that in-person social contact lowered the risk of developing depression, but contact via phone, writing, or email did not.
While Facebook contact did not seem to directly affect mental health one way or the other, keeping in touch over social media could have other benefits.
The results show that participants who interacted with others more frequently on Facebook also had more in-person social contact.
Of participants who used Facebook at least daily, 37% also met up with family or friends several times a day.
Only 19% of those who used Facebook less than daily saw people in-person several times a day.
The researchers point out that this finding refutes the common theory that frequent Facebook users engage in less face-to-face social contact than occasional users.
Social media use has become increasingly common in recent years. The average Facebook user spends 50 minutes per day on the platform.
While the study results suggest that frequent Facebook users are also very social in real life, it is their in-person interactions that seem to guard against psychiatric problems.
The researchers conclude that lack of face-to-face time with family and friends may pose “a unique and specific risk” to the mental health of veterans, who tend to have higher rates of depression and PTSD than the general population.
Social contact over the internet is no substitute for in-person interaction, say the researchers.
According to the team, doctors should keep in mind the importance of in-person contact when treating patients.
The team’s further research continues to explore this connection.
A recently completed project, now online in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, compared depression risk depending on the use of several different forms of online communication.
The results showed that interactions that are most similar to face-to-face ones, like using Skype, are linked to lower rates of depression.
Dr. Alan Teo is the lead author on the paper.
The results are published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.
Copyright © 2018 Knowridge Science Report. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Affective Disorders.
