Many people start their day with a cup of coffee to feel more alert.
Caffeine, the natural stimulant in coffee, is also found in tea, chocolate, soft drinks, energy drinks and some medicines. Scientists have spent many years studying whether caffeine helps or harms the heart.
A new scientific statement from the American Heart Association brings together the latest evidence.
Published in Circulation, the report reviewed many studies on caffeine and heart health to provide an updated picture of what researchers currently know.
The experts concluded that moderate caffeine intake is safe for most adults. Up to 400 milligrams a day, roughly equal to several cups of regular black coffee, was not linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in most people.
Interestingly, people who drank moderate amounts of plain coffee often had a lower risk of developing heart disease, stroke, heart failure and type 2 diabetes. Scientists think coffee contains many natural plant compounds that may protect the body, meaning the benefits may not come from caffeine alone.
The review also highlighted that adding large amounts of sugar, cream and flavored syrups may reduce the health benefits of coffee. These extra ingredients increase calories and can contribute to weight gain and other health problems.
Not every source of caffeine is equally safe. Energy drinks and energy shots usually contain much more caffeine than coffee and often include ingredients that can make caffeine act more quickly. Studies linked these products with higher blood pressure and dangerous heart rhythm problems.
The report found that coffee did not appear to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation at moderate intake, although it may slightly increase premature ventricular contractions in some people. Very high caffeine intake remained the greatest concern for heart rhythm disturbances.
Researchers also explained that everyone’s body reacts differently. Genetics, age, medicines, liver function and regular caffeine use all influence how quickly caffeine is removed from the body. Because of this, one person may tolerate coffee well while another experiences unpleasant side effects.
The authors emphasised that more high-quality clinical trials are needed, especially for energy drinks and newer caffeine products. Current evidence is strongest for coffee because it has been studied far more extensively than other caffeine sources.
Review and analysis: The statement provides balanced advice by considering both potential benefits and possible risks. Its main strength is that it reviews a large body of scientific evidence instead of relying on one study.
The overall message is that moderate coffee consumption appears safe for most adults, but excessive caffeine, particularly from energy drinks, may increase cardiovascular risks and should be approached with caution.
If you care about heart health, please read studies about how vitamin D influences cholesterol levels, and what we know about egg intake and heart disease.
For more health information, please see recent studies about best supplements for heart disease prevention, and wild blueberries can benefit your heart and brain.
Source: American Heart Association.
