A new study shows that the number of deaths from kidney disease caused by high blood pressure has gone up by 48% in the United States over the last 25 years.
The research was shared at the American Heart Association’s Hypertension Scientific Sessions 2025 and looked at national death records between 1999 and 2023.
This type of kidney disease, called hypertensive kidney disease, happens when high blood pressure damages the kidneys. High blood pressure is when the force of blood against the walls of blood vessels is too strong, and if left untreated, it can lead to problems like heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure.
Researchers reviewed records from the CDC’s WONDER database and found that between 1999 and 2023, 274,667 people aged 15 or older died from hypertensive kidney disease. The average death rate increased from 3.3 per 100,000 people in 1999 to 4.91 per 100,000 in 2023.
The study found that some groups of people were hit harder than others. Men had higher death rates than women. Black Americans had the highest average death rate—more than three times higher than other groups.
Hispanic individuals also had higher rates than non-Hispanic individuals. People living in southern states, especially Washington, D.C., Tennessee, and Mississippi, had the highest rates.
Dr. Joiven Nyongbella, who led the study, said, “Despite national efforts to reduce health inequalities, Black individuals still had over three times the death rate compared to other groups of people.”
He also stressed that high blood pressure isn’t only about strokes or heart attacks—it can also seriously harm the kidneys. He encouraged everyone to get their blood pressure checked, treat it early, and not ignore it.
The results also showed regional differences. The West had the highest overall death rate from hypertensive kidney disease, but specific states in the South had the worst numbers.
Experts who reviewed the study said the findings are worrying but helpful. Dr. Sidney Smith, a heart doctor and co-author of the 2025 High Blood Pressure Guidelines, said the results show why early treatment is so important, especially for people at high risk.
He added that social issues like access to healthcare may also play a role in these health outcomes.
However, the researchers pointed out a few limitations. Since the study used death certificates, some of the information might be incorrect or missing. The study also didn’t include personal health details like diet, medications, or access to medical care. More studies are needed to explore these factors.
Overall, this study highlights a major health concern in the U.S. It shows the need for better blood pressure control, more awareness, and improved access to care—especially in communities that are most affected.
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