When someone is having a stroke, every second matters.
Quick action can improve the chances of survival and recovery, and help prevent long-term damage.
That’s why it’s so important for everyone to know how to spot a stroke and what to do if one happens.
A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or reduced. This stops oxygen and nutrients from reaching brain cells, which can begin to die within minutes.
There are two main types of strokes. One is called an ischemic stroke, which is caused by a blocked artery. The other is called a hemorrhagic stroke, which happens when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or bursts.
There’s also something called a mini-stroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA). This is a temporary blockage of blood flow that doesn’t cause lasting damage—but it is a serious warning sign that a full stroke could happen soon.
To recognize a stroke quickly, you can use the word F.A.S.T. Each letter stands for a symptom:
F is for Face drooping: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
A is for Arm weakness: Ask them to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
S is for Speech problems: Ask them to say a simple sentence. Is their speech slurred or hard to understand?
T is for Time to call emergency services: If you notice any of these signs, call for help right away.
Getting medical help quickly is key. Research shows that people who receive treatment with clot-busting drugs within three hours of the first symptoms have a better chance of recovering with fewer problems.
While waiting for help to arrive, keep the person calm and in a safe position. Lay them down with their head and shoulders slightly raised unless it makes them uncomfortable. This position can help reduce swelling in the brain. Loosen any tight clothing and make sure they are breathing properly.
There are also things you should not do. Do not give the person food, drinks, or medicine. They may have trouble swallowing, which could cause choking. Don’t move them unless they are in danger, because sudden movement could make things worse.
Preventing strokes is also important. Keeping blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar under control can reduce the risk. Healthy habits like eating well, staying active, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight all help protect the brain and heart.
Learning about stroke symptoms and what to do can save lives. Public education campaigns that teach people to use the F.A.S.T. method have helped many people get medical care faster. The faster someone gets treatment, the better their chances are.
In short, knowing the signs of a stroke and how to react could help you save a life. Use the F.A.S.T. method, call emergency services right away, and support the person until help arrives. Sharing this knowledge with others can also make your community safer and better prepared.
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