People with type 2 diabetes need to take extra care of their feet. That’s because high blood sugar can slowly damage the nerves and blood vessels in the feet, making it harder to feel injuries or get proper blood flow. Small cuts or blisters can turn into serious infections if not noticed and treated early.
According to the American Diabetes Association, foot problems are one of the most common reasons people with diabetes end up in the hospital. Fortunately, good foot care can prevent many of these problems.
When blood sugar stays high over time, it can lead to a condition called diabetic neuropathy. This means the nerves in the feet don’t work as well. Some people feel tingling, numbness, burning, or sharp pain. Others may not feel anything at all, which is dangerous because they may not notice a blister, cut, or sore until it becomes infected.
In addition to nerve damage, poor circulation also makes it harder for the feet to heal from even small wounds. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine showed that people with diabetes who had foot ulcers or infections were at much higher risk of serious complications, including amputation.
To keep feet healthy, daily checks are essential. People with type 2 diabetes should look at their feet every day, including the bottoms and between the toes. A mirror or help from a family member can make this easier. They should look for redness, swelling, cuts, blisters, dry skin, or anything that seems unusual. Catching problems early helps prevent them from getting worse.
Washing the feet daily in warm (not hot) water is also important. Using mild soap and drying the feet well—especially between the toes—can help prevent fungal infections. After washing, applying a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer can keep the skin from cracking, but lotion should not go between the toes, where too much moisture can lead to infection.
Toenails should be trimmed straight across to prevent ingrown toenails, and sharp corners can be gently filed. If nails are thick or hard to cut, it’s best to ask a podiatrist for help. Walking barefoot, even at home, is not recommended.
It increases the risk of stepping on something sharp without noticing. Wearing well-fitting shoes and soft, clean socks every day helps protect the feet from injury.
Choosing the right shoes matters. Shoes that are too tight or rub the skin can cause blisters, while loose shoes may not give enough support. Some people benefit from diabetic shoes, which are specially designed to reduce pressure points and protect sensitive feet. A foot specialist can help assess what kind of shoes are best.
Controlling blood sugar is one of the most powerful ways to protect the feet. A 2021 study in Diabetes Care found that people who kept their blood sugar levels in the target range had a much lower risk of developing serious foot problems. Good blood sugar control improves nerve function and blood flow, making the feet healthier overall.
Finally, regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential. People with type 2 diabetes should have their feet checked at least once a year by a doctor or podiatrist, and more often if they have any previous foot problems. Early signs of trouble—such as numbness, foot pain, or changes in skin color—should be reported right away.
In summary, foot care is a vital part of managing type 2 diabetes. Simple steps like daily foot checks, gentle washing, wearing proper shoes, and keeping blood sugar in check can go a long way in preventing serious problems. With a bit of daily attention and regular care, most people with diabetes can keep their feet healthy for life.
If you care about diabetes, please read studies about diabetes and vitamin B12, and the right diet for people with type 2 diabetes.
For more health information, please see recent studies about how to eat smart with diabetes, and turmeric and vitamin D: a duo for blood pressure control in diabetic patients.
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