Glaucoma, often referred to as the “silent thief of sight,” is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. What makes this condition especially dangerous is that it often creeps in without noticeable symptoms, damaging the optic nerve over time before a person even realizes something is wrong.
A recent study from Sweden has shed new light on just how silently this eye disease can strike—especially among older adults.
As part of the long-running H70 study, which has followed the health of elderly Swedes for over 50 years, researchers recently examined the eye health of 560 individuals aged 70. The results were eye-opening: nearly 5% of those tested were found to have glaucoma. Even more concerning, half of those diagnosed had no idea they had the disease.
This finding underscores a serious problem—many people with glaucoma remain undiagnosed until the disease has already caused lasting vision loss. According to Lena Havstam Johansson, the lead researcher, early detection is key.
When caught early, glaucoma can often be managed with simple treatments, such as daily eye drops that lower pressure inside the eye and help slow the progression of nerve damage.
So why does glaucoma go unnoticed for so long? Part of the problem is that it rarely causes pain or dramatic vision changes in the beginning. The disease typically affects peripheral (side) vision first, which the brain and the other eye can compensate for.
This allows it to sneak past unnoticed, often until central vision starts to fade—by which time the damage may be permanent.
Interestingly, the study found that many newly diagnosed individuals had normal eye pressure. This is important because eye pressure is usually the main measure used to screen for glaucoma. The finding suggests that relying solely on this measure might miss some cases, especially in people who have what’s known as “normal-tension glaucoma.”
The research also confirmed that having a family history of glaucoma increases the risk of developing the disease. Genetics clearly play a role, which means people with close relatives who have glaucoma should be especially vigilant about regular eye exams.
Despite the diagnosis, people with glaucoma in the study generally reported a good quality of life. They were just as likely to be physically active and emotionally well as those without the disease. They weren’t more likely to smoke or drink alcohol, either.
However, some reported more difficulty with daily tasks—especially in dim lighting or when navigating steps or uneven surfaces. These challenges can lead to a more home-bound lifestyle, even if overall health and mood remain stable.
The findings are a strong reminder of the importance of regular eye checkups, particularly for those aged 70 and older or those with a family history of glaucoma. Eye pressure checks alone may not be enough—comprehensive eye exams that include optic nerve assessments and visual field tests are essential.
Early detection means that simple, non-invasive treatments can be started right away, helping to preserve vision and independence for years to come. And as this study shows, a glaucoma diagnosis does not necessarily mean a loss of quality of life—especially if it is caught and treated in time.
Published in Acta Ophthalmologica, this research is a call to action for both individuals and health professionals.
By raising awareness about the stealthy nature of glaucoma and encouraging routine eye exams, we can protect vision and improve the lives of countless older adults. Vision is one of our most precious senses—and this study is a clear reminder not to take it for granted.
If you care about eye health, please read studies about how vitamin B may help fight vision loss, and MIND diet may reduce risk of vision loss disease.
For more information about eye disease, please see recent studies about how to protect your eyes from glaucoma, and results showing this eye surgery may reduce dementia risk.
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