For years, many people have worried that too much screen time and digital technology might damage our brains, especially as we get older. The terms “brain rot,” “brain drain,” and even “digital dementia” are often thrown around on the internet and in everyday conversations.
These phrases reflect a common fear: that using technology for too long might lead to memory loss or even increase the risk of dementia. But a new study from Baylor University and the University of Texas at Austin suggests the opposite might be true.
The study, published in Nature Human Behavior, looked at over 136 previous studies, including data from more than 400,000 adults. These studies followed people for an average of six years.
What the researchers found was surprising: older adults who used digital technologies—like computers, smartphones, and the internet—had better brain health over time. In fact, people who used digital technology regularly were 58% less likely to show signs of cognitive decline, even when other factors like education, income, and overall health were taken into account.
This finding supports what the researchers call the “technological reserve” theory. This theory says that using technology helps the brain stay active, challenged, and adaptable—kind of like a workout for your mind.
The lead authors, Dr. Jared Benge and Dr. Michael Scullin, wanted to find out if the bad reputation of digital devices is really deserved. What they discovered suggests that learning to use and interact with technology may actually help protect the brain rather than harm it.
Many older adults started using technology later in life. This means that learning to use new devices, figure out software updates, or troubleshoot problems can be mentally demanding. Dr. Scullin says that feeling frustrated while learning technology is actually a good sign—it shows that your brain is being challenged.
Tasks like remembering passwords, navigating websites, or solving problems with Wi-Fi might seem annoying, but they help the brain stay flexible and strong.
Technology also helps older adults stay socially connected. Tools like video calls, emails, and messaging apps can reduce loneliness by making it easier to keep in touch with family and friends.
Feeling connected and supported by others is known to help protect brain health and delay cognitive decline. Scullin noted that being able to easily share pictures, send messages, or have video chats with loved ones can improve emotional well-being and boost mental sharpness.
Another way technology helps is through what the researchers call “digital scaffolding.” This means using digital tools—like smartphone reminders, GPS apps, or online banking—to stay independent, even if memory or attention isn’t as strong as it once was.
These tools can make everyday life easier and help people keep doing things on their own, which lowers the risk of being diagnosed with dementia.
Of course, the researchers aren’t saying that all types of technology use are helpful. Things like distracted driving or spending too much time on social media can have downsides. But they emphasize that technology can be used in positive ways, especially if it’s introduced thoughtfully.
For example, if an older family member is hesitant about technology, you can help them get started with simple apps like a calendar, messaging, or photo-sharing. The key is to start small and be patient.
As for social media, Scullin says it depends on how it’s used. Passive scrolling may not be great, but creating content—like making videos or engaging in online discussions—might offer mental benefits by encouraging creativity and connection.
In the end, this large and detailed study sends an encouraging message: digital technology does not seem to “rot” the brain as some people fear. Instead, it can help older adults stay mentally active, socially connected, and more independent.
Rather than warning people to stay away from screens as they age, it may be time to rethink how we use technology—and how we can help older generations use it to their advantage.
Review and Analysis of the Study Findings
This study challenges popular fears by providing strong scientific evidence that digital technology use is linked to better, not worse, brain health as people age. The findings are based on a wide range of studies, making the results reliable and convincing.
The researchers controlled for many other possible explanations, such as age, education, and health, yet the connection between technology use and reduced risk of cognitive decline remained strong.
The study supports a more hopeful view of aging in a digital world. It suggests that technology, when used in engaging and meaningful ways, can act as a mental workout, boost social connection, and help people maintain their independence. The idea of “digital scaffolding” is particularly valuable for healthcare providers and families, as it offers practical ways to support brain health and quality of life.
Rather than focusing only on the possible harms of digital technology, this research invites us to explore how it can be used positively—especially for the aging population. It highlights the importance of teaching, encouraging, and supporting older adults in using digital tools not just to stay connected, but also to stay sharp.
If you care about brain health, please read studies about how the Mediterranean diet could protect your brain health, and Omega-3 fats and carotenoid supplements could improve memory.
For more information about brain health, please see recent studies about antioxidants that could help reduce dementia risk, and higher magnesium intake could help benefit brain health.
The research findings can be found in Nature Human Behaviour.
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