Millions of people worldwide take proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to relieve heartburn, acid reflux, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These drugs, including popular brands like Prilosec, Nexium, and Prevacid, are widely used to reduce stomach acid and prevent discomfort. In the United States alone, about 10% of adults use PPIs regularly.
However, a recent study suggests that these medications may increase the risk of kidney problems.
Researchers from the University of California San Diego analyzed data to better understand the possible risks of PPIs on kidney health. They used a large database called FAERS, which collects reports of negative side effects from medications.
The study focused on around 43,000 patients who took PPIs without any other medications. For comparison, the researchers looked at a control group of about 8,000 patients who used a different type of heartburn drug called histamine-2 receptor blockers (such as Zantac or Pepcid).
The results were concerning. Patients who only took PPIs reported kidney-related problems much more often than those in the control group. Specifically, 5.6% of PPI users experienced kidney issues, compared to just 0.7% of those who took histamine-2 receptor blockers.
This means that PPI users were 28 times more likely to report chronic kidney disease. They were also 4 times more likely to suffer from sudden kidney damage, 35 times more likely to develop severe kidney failure, and 8 times more likely to have general kidney problems.
The study also found that PPI users were more likely to have electrolyte imbalances, which can lead to serious health issues. While the severity of these effects varied depending on the specific PPI used, kidney-related risks were seen across all five PPIs included in the study.
PPIs are considered essential for many people who struggle with persistent acid reflux or stomach ulcers. The World Health Organization recognizes their importance in medical treatment. However, the new research suggests that long-term use could have hidden dangers, particularly for kidney health.
Doctors may need to be more cautious when prescribing these medications, especially to people who already have kidney issues or are at higher risk. Patients should be informed about the potential risks and monitored for any signs of kidney problems.
This is not the first study to raise concerns about PPIs. In 2017, researchers from the same university found that these drugs might also contribute to chronic liver disease. While more research is needed, these findings highlight the importance of using PPIs carefully and considering alternative treatments when possible.
People experiencing frequent heartburn should talk to their doctors about the safest options. Lifestyle changes, such as adjusting diet and eating habits, may help reduce acid reflux and lessen the need for long-term medication use. If PPIs are necessary, patients should be aware of possible side effects and undergo regular health checkups to monitor their kidney function.
If you care about kidney health, please read studies about how to protect your kidneys from diabetes, and drinking coffee could help reduce risk of kidney injury.
For more information about kidney health, please see recent studies about foods that may prevent recurrence of kidney stones, and eating nuts linked to lower risk of chronic kidney disease and death.
Copyright © 2025 Knowridge Science Report. All rights reserved.
