People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop serious health problems like heart disease, strokes, heart failure, and kidney disease. These complications can be life-threatening, so doctors and researchers are always looking for better ways to treat the condition and prevent further health issues.
A group of researchers from Monash University and other institutions has found that a certain type of medication can help reduce the risk of heart and kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
This medication, called sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), is already used to help lower blood sugar levels. However, the new study shows that it also provides extra benefits by protecting the heart and kidneys.
Why This Study Matters
This is the first study to examine whether SGLT2 inhibitors are cost-effective when considering their heart and kidney benefits alone. Researchers wanted to find out if using this medication for all people with type 2 diabetes—whether or not they struggle with blood sugar control—would be worth the cost for governments and healthcare systems.
The study confirmed that SGLT2is are not only effective in preventing heart and kidney disease, but they are also a cost-effective treatment for all people with type 2 diabetes. These findings could help inform future decisions about making the medication more widely available through government-funded healthcare programs.
The Impact of Diabetes on the Heart and Kidneys
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition that affects how the body uses insulin, a hormone that controls blood sugar levels. In people with this condition, the body either does not use insulin properly or does not produce enough of it. As a result, blood sugar levels remain too high, which can damage blood vessels and organs over time.
The heart and kidneys are two of the organs most affected by diabetes. When blood sugar is too high for a long period, it can harm the small blood vessels in the kidneys, making it harder for them to filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
This damage, known as diabetic nephropathy, is one of the leading causes of kidney failure. If kidney function worsens significantly, a person may need dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Similarly, high blood sugar can also lead to heart disease. It can cause blood vessels to narrow, increasing the risk of high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes.
Many people with type 2 diabetes eventually develop heart-related problems, which makes finding effective treatments even more important.
How This Medication Could Change Treatment
Since 2019, clinical guidelines have recognized that SGLT2 inhibitors can protect against heart and kidney disease. However, not all people with type 2 diabetes currently receive this medication as part of their treatment.
The findings from this new study suggest that more people could benefit from it, and healthcare providers may need to consider updating how the drug is prescribed.
The researchers also pointed out that government-funded healthcare programs, such as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, might want to review their guidelines to make SGLT2 inhibitors more accessible to those who need them.
However, they also acknowledge that governments must carefully balance costs while ensuring people receive the best possible care.
Diabetes in Australia
According to Diabetes Australia, nearly 1.9 million Australians have diabetes. This includes about 500,000 people who have type 2 diabetes but do not know they have it. Many of them are at risk of serious complications because they are not receiving the treatment and monitoring they need.
For those already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, managing the condition involves keeping blood sugar levels under control through a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and regular health check-ups.
This study’s findings suggest that preventing kidney and heart disease should also be a key part of diabetes treatment, not just blood sugar control.
Looking Ahead
The study offers promising news for people with type 2 diabetes. By using SGLT2 inhibitors, they may be able to lower their risk of developing severe heart and kidney problems. The medication has already been shown to provide several other health benefits, making it a valuable option for managing the condition.
While governments and healthcare providers will need to consider how best to make this treatment widely available, the findings highlight an important step forward in improving diabetes care.
The research was led by Jedidiah Morton and published in Diabetologia.
If you care about diabetes, please read studies about Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes, and what you need to know about avocado and type 2 diabetes.
For more information about diabetes, please see recent studies about how to eat to prevent type 2 diabetes, and 5 vitamins that may prevent complication in diabetes.
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