Diabetes and dementia might seem like two unrelated health problems, but research shows they’re more connected than you might think.
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, not only affects blood sugar levels but can also raise the risk of developing dementia later in life.
This connection has captured the attention of scientists because understanding it could help millions of people reduce their chances of developing memory and thinking problems as they age.
Let’s start with what diabetes does to the body. In type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps move sugar from the blood into cells for energy.
When insulin doesn’t work well, blood sugar levels stay high. Over time, this can damage blood vessels and nerves throughout the body, including the brain.
Now, dementia is a condition that leads to a decline in memory, thinking, and decision-making. The most common type is Alzheimer’s disease.
Scientists have found that the brain changes linked to Alzheimer’s—like the buildup of harmful proteins—may be more likely to occur in people with diabetes. High blood sugar can contribute to inflammation and stress in brain cells, making it harder for the brain to function properly.
Studies back up this connection. For example, a large review of several studies found that people with type 2 diabetes are about 50% more likely to develop dementia compared to those without diabetes.
Another study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) showed that the longer someone has diabetes, the higher their dementia risk. The risk is particularly strong for those who don’t manage their blood sugar well over time.
Researchers believe there are several reasons for this. First, diabetes can lead to small strokes in the brain due to damaged blood vessels. These strokes may go unnoticed but still harm brain function.
Second, diabetes-related inflammation can damage brain cells. Third, people with diabetes often have other health issues, like high blood pressure and cholesterol, which can further increase dementia risk.
But it’s not all bad news. Studies also show that managing diabetes can lower the risk of dementia. Keeping blood sugar under control through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and medications when needed can protect the brain.
In one study, people with diabetes who kept their blood sugar within recommended levels had a much lower risk of dementia compared to those who didn’t. This suggests that it’s never too late to take action.
Interestingly, lifestyle factors that reduce diabetes risk also seem to protect against dementia. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and staying mentally active—like learning new skills or solving puzzles—can all help.
Scientists are even exploring whether certain diabetes medications might also protect the brain, although more research is needed to confirm this.
In summary, diabetes and dementia share a strong connection, and understanding this link is crucial for preventing both conditions.
The evidence shows that uncontrolled blood sugar can harm the brain over time, but managing diabetes through healthy choices and treatment can make a big difference.
For people living with diabetes, taking care of both their body and brain should be a top priority. By staying informed and proactive, it’s possible to reduce the risk of dementia and enjoy a healthier, more independent life as we age.
If you care about diabetes, please read studies about a cure for type 2 diabetes, and these vegetables could protect against kidney damage in diabetes.
For more information about diabetes, please see recent studies about bone drug that could lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and results showing eating more eggs linked to higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
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