Scientists from deCODE genetics, an Amgen subsidiary, along with the National University Hospital of Iceland, have made a groundbreaking discovery in heart health.
Their study focuses on unique genetic variations found among Icelanders that relate to a specific pattern seen in heart tests.
This pattern, called the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), can hint at an increased risk of severe heart rhythm problems and sudden cardiac death.
A Deep Dive into Heart Genetics
The QT interval is a measure of time on a heart’s electrical cycle, captured during an EKG. If this interval is too long or too short, it can indicate a heart abnormality.
In this study, the researchers found twelve rare genetic variants related to the QT interval. Eight of these variants are already known to be linked to a condition called long QT syndrome.
Interestingly, the scientists found that the genetic variants linked to longer QT intervals were more common than previous estimates based on clinic-based studies.
This means that more people might be at risk than we previously thought. The research provides new insights into the genetic factors of QT prolongation and how these relate to serious heart events.
Differing Risks Among Variants
Not all genetic variants pose the same level of risk. Some had a significant impact, substantially lengthening the QT interval and increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death by almost five times.
Others had a more minor effect on the QT interval and didn’t appear to increase the risk of sudden cardiac death under normal conditions.
However, the most common variant can be more dangerous under specific circumstances. For instance, if a person with this variant has electrolyte imbalances or takes medication that can lengthen the QT interval, they might be more prone to serious heart rhythm problems.
Toward Precision Medicine in Heart Health
These findings bring us one step closer to a new approach to heart health, called precision medicine. This approach aims to tailor medical treatment to each person’s unique genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment.
The study’s results could help doctors better identify and assess the risk for individuals with QT prolonging variants. This could lead to more precise and individualized care and treatment, potentially saving lives.
The precision medicine approach is a relatively new field that also uses digital healthcare technologies.
The goal is to create a more personalized approach that considers a person’s specific genetic information, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences.
This study on the genetic factors impacting heart health is a great example of precision medicine in action.
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The study was published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
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