Chronic kidney disease is defined as either a structural and/or functional abnormality of the kidney.
It is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease and heart disease, which is a major health problem in several countries.
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity.
Although these diseases can be treated individually with drug treatment, in recent years, treatments with behavioral changes such as diet and exercise have attracted attention.
In a recent study from Kanazawa University, researchers found that skipping breakfast and late dinner might be linked to a higher risk of proteinuria, which is a key factor of chronic kidney disease.
Proteinuria is increased levels of protein in the urine. This condition can be a sign of kidney damage.
The study is published in Nutrients. One author is Professor Takashi Wada.
In the study, the team focused on proteinuria which is a key prognostic factor of chronic kidney disease.
Proteinuria is generally defined as dipstick urinary protein excretion 1+ . Proteinuria is an early sign of kidney disease.
The researchers used a questionnaire used in annual medical check-ups to examine over 26,000 patients aged >40 years.
Unhealthy dietary habits were defined as follows: late dinner (eating dinner within 2 h of going to bed at a frequency of three or more times a week); skipping breakfast (three or more times a week); quick eating (eating faster than people of the same age group); and late evening snack (eating snacks after dinner three or more times a week).
The team found that quick eating (29%) was the most common unhealthy dietary habit in the whole patient population, followed by late dinner (19%), late evening snack (16%), and skipping breakfast (9%).
During an average follow-up period of over 3 years, 10% of patients developed proteinuria.
Of these dietary habits, skipping breakfast and late dinner were linked to an increased risk of developing proteinuria.
The team says unhealthy dietary habits may be linked to a risk factor for chronic kidney disease irrespective of changes in body weight.
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