In a new study, researchers urged people with atrial fibrillation—the most common heart rhythm disorder—to kick the habit and cut their stroke risk.
The research was conducted by a team at Seoul National University Hospital.
One in four middle-aged adults in Europe and the US will develop atrial fibrillation, a condition set to affect up to 17 million people in the EU by 2030.
People with atrial fibrillation are five times more likely to have a stroke than those without the arrhythmia.
The risk of death is also elevated with atrial fibrillation, by two-fold in women and 1.5-fold in men. Stroke is the most common cause of death in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Previous studies have shown that smokers are more likely to develop atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke.
While many strokes are prevented with oral anticoagulant drugs, there are limited data on the impact of smoking cessation after atrial fibrillation diagnosis.
This study examined the link between smoking cessation after newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and the risks of stroke and all-cause death.
The study included the 97,637 patients who had a national health check-up less than two years before being diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, and a second check-up within two years afterward.
Patients were followed-up after the second check-up until the end of 2017 for the occurrence of stroke or death.
The average age was 61 years and 62% were men. Participants were classified according to the smoking status before and after atrial fibrillation diagnosis: never-smoker, ex-smoker (stopped smoking before diagnosis), quitter (stopped smoking after diagnosis), current smoker.
During a three-year follow-up, there were 3,109 strokes and 4,882 all-cause deaths.
The team found compared to current smokers, quitters had a 30% lower probability of stroke and a 16% reduced likelihood of all-cause death.
Quitters remained at higher risk compared with never-smokers.
The risks of stroke and all-cause death were raised by 19% and 46%, respectively, but these associations were consistently observed only in men.
New and persistent smokers had even greater risks of stroke compared to those who had never smoked. For new smokers, the probability was raised by 84% and for persistent smokers, it was elevated by 66%.
The team says smoking precipitates blood clots that could lead to a stroke, which may be why giving up lowers risk.
The remaining stroke risk after quitting might be through the damage already caused to the arteries—called atherosclerosis.
The benefits of quitting were less pronounced in those who had been heavy smokers before their atrial fibrillation diagnosis.
Heavy smokers were defined as those who had smoked 20 cigarettes every day for at least 30 years.
This may be related to longer-term damage to the blood vessels which increases susceptibility to having a stroke.
One author of the study is Dr. So-Ryoung Lee.
The study was presented at ESC Congress 2020
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