Scientists have developed a new biodegradable device that can generate electricity simply by absorbing moisture from the air or even from human skin.
Made from common, food-safe ingredients such as gelatin, table salt, and activated carbon, the invention could offer a greener alternative to traditional batteries and power systems.
The research was carried out by scientists from Queen Mary University of London, University of Warwick, Imperial College London, and Universitas Mercatorum. Their findings were published in the journal Nano Energy.
The new technology is known as a Moisture-Electric Generator, or MEG. Unlike most electronic devices that struggle with humidity, this system actually uses moisture as its energy source.
The researchers created the device using a simple water-based manufacturing process. The materials are inexpensive, non-toxic, and widely available. This could help reduce the growing global problem of electronic waste, also known as e-waste.
The MEG works by absorbing water molecules from the surrounding environment. When the gelatin and salt mixture dries, it naturally forms a special three-layer structure. Once exposed to humidity again, ions inside the material begin to move, producing a steady electrical current.
Each small unit can generate around 1 volt of electricity continuously for more than 30 days.
To demonstrate the technology’s potential, the scientists connected multiple units together. In larger arrays, the system produced up to 90 volts and enough electrical current to power small devices, including decorative LED light strings.
The team says one of the most exciting aspects of the invention is its simplicity. Traditional methods for generating high voltages often require rare materials, complicated production techniques, or expensive manufacturing equipment. In contrast, this device relies on ordinary materials like gelatin and salt.
The researchers also discovered that the material could work as a sensor. Because the electrical output changes with moisture levels, the device can detect tiny variations in humidity produced by the human body.
For example, the scientists showed that the MEG could monitor breathing patterns in real time and even detect changes associated with speaking by measuring moisture in exhaled air. The material may also work as a touchless proximity sensor, potentially allowing it to be used in wearable health devices or human-machine interfaces without requiring a separate battery.
Another major advantage is the device’s environmental friendliness. Unlike many electronic products that contain plastics, toxic chemicals, or heavy metals, the MEG is designed to safely break down after use.
The device can biodegrade naturally in soil within a few weeks or be dissolved in water so its components can be recovered and reused. Researchers say this supports the idea of “circular electronics,” where materials can return safely to the environment instead of becoming harmful waste.
The scientists believe the work shows that high-performance electronic devices do not necessarily require rare or environmentally damaging materials. Instead, future electronics may increasingly rely on simple, sustainable ingredients that work with nature rather than against it.
