Scientists at Case Western Reserve University have developed a new treatment for advanced prostate cancer that may prevent a painful side effect that often leads patients to stop therapy.
Many men with late-stage prostate cancer are given a powerful type of treatment that targets cancer cells directly.
But this treatment can badly damage the salivary glands, causing severe dry mouth. This makes it hard to eat, swallow, and even talk, and for some patients, the discomfort is so intense they choose to stop the treatment, even though it could save their lives.
The new approach is described in a recent study published in the journal Molecular Imaging and Biology. The researchers say their treatment is just as effective at finding and destroying prostate cancer cells as the current methods, but it causes far less harm to the salivary glands.
The treatment works by focusing on a protein called PSMA, which stands for Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. This protein is found in large amounts on prostate cancer cells.
The therapy uses a method called radioligand therapy, where a small radioactive particle is attached to a guiding molecule. This molecule works like a GPS system, directing the radiation straight to the cancer cells while leaving most of the healthy tissue alone.
This kind of precision treatment is one of the most exciting options for patients with end-stage prostate cancer because it works like a smart missile, locking on to the cancer cells.
But the problem has been the damage it does to salivary glands, which also have PSMA and get hit by the radiation. The result is a very dry mouth, which makes daily life hard for many patients.
Dr. James Basilion, a professor of biomedical engineering at Case Western, explained that past attempts to reduce this side effect haven’t worked well. But now, the team has created a new guiding molecule called PSMA-1-DOTA.
This version has better targeting abilities than the older ones. Dr. Xinning Wang, who helped lead the research, said PSMA-1-DOTA binds four times better to cancer cells than the current treatments.
DOTA is a special compound that holds radioactive metals tightly. This helps keep the radioactive part stable and connected to the molecule that targets the cancer cells.
In lab tests, PSMA-1-DOTA showed strong results. It still attacked the tumors effectively but caused much less damage to the salivary and tear glands. This means the new treatment could nearly eliminate the risk of dry mouth while keeping the same power to fight cancer.
Dr. Zhenghong Lee, another leader on the team, said this new treatment might completely change how doctors treat prostate cancer. Instead of using this therapy only as a last resort because of side effects, it could be used much earlier in treatment.
The researchers tested the new treatment on mice and also in a patient with advanced prostate cancer in Germany. The patient’s results matched what they saw in the lab: the treatment avoided damaging the salivary glands but still targeted and treated the cancer.
The team is now getting ready to start clinical trials with around 12 patients next year. These trials will help confirm the early results and figure out the best way to give the treatment.
This study is important because it shows that advanced prostate cancer might be treated more safely and earlier than before. If the new treatment continues to perform well in trials, it could improve the quality of life for many men, giving them a better chance to live longer and more comfortably.
It also shows the value of new technology in creating smarter, more targeted cancer therapies that avoid hurting healthy parts of the body.
If you care about prostate cancer, please read studies about 5 types of bacteria linked to aggressive prostate cancer, and new strategy to treat advanced prostate cancer.
For more information about prostate cancer, please see recent studies about new way to lower risk of prostate cancer spread, and results showing three-drug combo boosts survival in metastatic prostate cancer.
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