Pancreatic cancer is a serious illness that starts in the pancreas, a small organ located behind the stomach.
The pancreas has two important jobs: it helps the body digest food and also controls blood sugar levels. When cancer develops in this organ, it can be very dangerous because it is often found at a late stage when treatment is harder.
One of the main causes of pancreatic cancer is smoking. Studies have shown that people who smoke are about twice as likely to get this cancer compared to people who don’t. This is because the harmful chemicals in cigarettes can damage the cells in the pancreas, which can lead to cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the best ways to lower your risk.
Getting older is another risk factor. Most people who are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are over the age of 65. As we age, the chances of changes in our genes increase, which can lead to cancer. While we can’t stop ourselves from getting older, it’s important to go for regular health check-ups, especially as we age.
Family history and genetics also matter. If a close family member, like a parent or sibling, has had pancreatic cancer, your own risk goes up.
Some people inherit gene changes, like BRCA1 or BRCA2, which are known for increasing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but can also raise the risk of pancreatic cancer. Scientists are studying these genes to better understand how they work and to improve testing for people who might be at higher risk.
Another cause is chronic pancreatitis, which means long-term swelling of the pancreas. This can happen due to heavy drinking, gallstones, or inherited conditions.
When the pancreas stays inflamed for a long time, its cells may change and become cancerous. People with chronic pancreatitis—especially those with a family history—have a higher risk of getting pancreatic cancer.
Being overweight or having an unhealthy diet can also increase your risk. Research has shown that people who are obese are more likely to get this cancer.
Eating too much red or processed meat, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats can lead to weight gain and raise your risk. Eating healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and staying at a healthy weight can help protect you.
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, is another important factor. People with diabetes are more likely to get pancreatic cancer, though the exact reason is still being studied. It may have to do with high blood sugar levels and how the body handles insulin. Managing diabetes well with a good diet, exercise, and proper treatment may lower this risk.
Some jobs may also expose people to harmful chemicals that raise the risk of pancreatic cancer. Workers who deal with pesticides, certain dyes, or chemicals in metal refining may be more likely to develop the disease. Scientists continue to study how these substances affect health and how to better protect workers.
Knowing what causes pancreatic cancer can help people make better choices. Some risks, like age and family history, can’t be changed. But many others—like smoking, eating habits, and body weight—can be controlled. Making healthy changes, knowing your family’s health history, and seeing a doctor regularly can all help lower the chances of getting this cancer.
Scientists are working hard to learn more about what causes pancreatic cancer and how to treat it better. By raising awareness and staying informed, people can take steps to protect their health and find problems early. With more research and attention, there is hope for better results and longer lives for people facing this disease.
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