Exercise is usually one of the best things you can do for your health. But a new study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur shows that in certain cases, especially for people with blocked arteries in the neck, intense exercise could increase the risk of stroke.
The study looked at the carotid arteries — the large blood vessels on each side of the neck that supply blood to the brain and face. When these arteries become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of fatty deposits (a condition called stenosis), it reduces blood flow to the brain and can raise the risk of stroke.
Using a detailed computer model, the researchers studied how different levels of artery blockage reacted to changes in heart rate — like those that happen during exercise. They simulated blood flow through arteries with mild, moderate, and severe blockages, comparing resting heart rates with higher heart rates during intense exercise.
For people with healthy arteries or only mild blockage, a faster heartbeat during exercise actually helped maintain healthy blood flow. The increase in heart rate improved the “drag” of the blood against the artery walls, helping to keep blood moving smoothly and reducing the risk of further plaque buildup.
However, the story changed for those with moderate to severe blockages. In these cases, exercise increased the stress on the walls of the arteries — a condition known as elevated shear stress. This type of stress, especially at the site of the narrowing, can make the plaque unstable. If the plaque breaks loose and travels to the brain, it can block blood flow and cause a stroke.
The study also found that intense exercise in people with existing artery blockages could make it more likely for new narrowings to develop in the future. Although stroke and artery health depend on many factors — such as age, genetics, and lifestyle — the study points to a hidden danger that might not be widely recognized.
Researchers recommend that people who plan to take part in intense physical activity, especially those over 50 or with known risk factors for heart disease or stroke, get their carotid arteries checked regularly. A simple scan can detect blockages before they become dangerous.
For those who already have moderate to severe blockages, doctors may need to recommend exercise plans that avoid sudden spikes in heart rate. Gentle activities like walking, swimming, or light cycling — under medical supervision — may be safer options than high-intensity workouts.
This study reminds us that while exercise is usually a healthy habit, it’s not one-size-fits-all. People with certain medical conditions need to take extra care. By being aware of risks and checking in with doctors regularly, individuals can continue to stay active without putting themselves in harm’s way.
The full study appears in the journal Physics in Fluids, and it adds to a growing body of research helping people balance the benefits of exercise with their unique health needs.
If you care about stroke, please read studies that diets high in flavonoids could help reduce stroke risk, and MIND diet could slow down cognitive decline after stroke.
For more health information, please see recent studies about antioxidants that could help reduce the risk of dementia, and tea and coffee may help lower your risk of stroke, dementia.
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