When people take medicine for everyday problems like allergies, high blood pressure, or bladder issues, they usually expect relief — not new health concerns. But a study from the University of California, San Diego, has found that some of these commonly used drugs may be linked to memory problems, especially in older adults.
The study looked at a group of medications known as anticholinergic drugs. These medications are used to treat a wide range of conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, anxiety, depression, overactive bladder, high blood pressure, and seasonal allergies.
Some are available over the counter, while others need a prescription. In total, there are about 100 types of anticholinergic drugs currently in use.
Researchers followed 688 adults with an average age of 74. At the start of the study, none of them showed any signs of memory loss or other cognitive problems. The researchers then tracked their mental function for up to 10 years, checking in with them each year.
About one-third of the participants had been regularly taking anticholinergic drugs — meaning they used at least one of these medications once a week for more than six months. On average, people in this group were taking around five different anticholinergic drugs.
Some of the common ones used included Metoprolol and Atenolol (for high blood pressure), Loratadine (for allergies), and Bupropion (for depression or to help quit smoking).
The results were concerning. People who used at least one anticholinergic drug were 47% more likely to develop memory problems than those who didn’t use them. Memory decline can be an early warning sign of more serious issues, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
The risk was even higher for people who were already showing early signs of Alzheimer’s when the study began. If these individuals were also taking anticholinergic drugs, they were four times more likely to develop memory problems.
And for those with a family history or genetic risk for Alzheimer’s, taking these drugs made them 2.5 times more likely to experience memory issues.
This research suggests that people — especially older adults or those at higher risk for Alzheimer’s — should be cautious about using these medications. It’s a reminder that while drugs can help manage one condition, they may unintentionally affect other aspects of health, such as memory and brain function.
If you’re concerned, it’s a good idea to review your medications with your doctor. There may be safer alternatives or lifestyle changes you can try first.
For example, people with high blood pressure might benefit from adjusting their diet before starting medication. Foods like beetroot, which are high in natural nitrates, have shown promise in helping lower blood pressure naturally.
The study, led by Lisa Delano-Wood, was published in the journal Neurology. It adds to growing evidence that we need to carefully consider how long-term medication use may affect brain health.
As we age, protecting memory and thinking ability becomes even more important. While medication can improve quality of life, it’s essential to understand the risks and benefits — especially when it comes to brain health. Always ask questions, stay informed, and talk to your healthcare provider about what’s best for you.
If you care about dementia, please read studies about low choline intake linked to higher dementia risk, and how eating nuts can affect your cognitive ability.
For more information about brain health, please see recent studies that blueberry supplements may prevent cognitive decline, and results showing higher magnesium intake could help benefit brain health.
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