High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common condition that increases the risk of heart disease, strokes, and other serious health problems. Doctors have long advised patients to keep both systolic and diastolic blood pressure within specific ranges.
However, a recent study suggests that the systolic value—the first number in a blood pressure reading—may be far more important than previously thought.
What the Study Found
Researchers from NUI Galway and other institutions analyzed data from over 47,000 patients worldwide. Their goal was to see if lowering diastolic blood pressure (the second number in a reading) too much could be harmful. Surprisingly, they found no evidence that reducing diastolic blood pressure to very low levels caused health problems.
This challenges the traditional belief that diastolic blood pressure needs to stay above a certain threshold for safety. The study suggests that doctors should focus on systolic blood pressure instead when treating patients with hypertension.
What This Means for Treatment
Based on these findings, researchers recommend that treatment should aim to lower systolic blood pressure to between 100-130 mmHg. This means that if systolic blood pressure is under control, doctors no longer need to worry about diastolic blood pressure dropping too low.
This shift in focus could lead to better treatment strategies and may help reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications related to high blood pressure.
How to Prevent High Blood Pressure
While medication is often necessary, lifestyle choices play a key role in preventing and managing high blood pressure. Here are some simple steps to help keep blood pressure in check:
- Maintain a healthy weight – Carrying extra weight puts extra strain on the heart, making high blood pressure more likely.
- Eat a balanced diet – Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy. These foods can help keep blood pressure levels normal.
- Reduce salt intake – Too much sodium can raise blood pressure. The recommended daily limit is 2,300 milligrams (about one teaspoon), but less is even better.
- Stay active – Regular physical activity strengthens the heart and helps lower blood pressure. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week.
- Limit alcohol consumption – Too much alcohol can increase blood pressure. Men should have no more than two drinks per day, and women no more than one.
- Quit smoking – Smoking damages blood vessels and raises blood pressure. Quitting lowers the risk of heart disease and improves overall health.
- Manage stress – Long-term stress can contribute to high blood pressure. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help.
- Check blood pressure regularly – High blood pressure often has no symptoms, so regular monitoring is important. Early detection allows for better control and reduces the risk of complications.
A New Way Forward
This study challenges traditional views on hypertension by showing that systolic blood pressure is the key factor to focus on. By following the new guidelines, doctors can create better treatment plans, leading to safer and more effective management of high blood pressure.
At the same time, preventive measures such as a healthy diet, exercise, and regular check-ups remain crucial for keeping blood pressure under control.
The study was conducted by Bill McEvoy and his team and published in the journal Circulation.
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