Glaucoma is a common eye condition that can affect people as they age, especially those over 60.
It damages the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, and can lead to vision loss if not treated.
The damage is often caused by high pressure inside the eye, but glaucoma can develop even when eye pressure is normal.
Because the condition usually progresses slowly and has no symptoms in the early stages, many people don’t realize they have it until significant vision loss has occurred. Fortunately, there are effective treatments that can slow or stop the progression of glaucoma and protect eyesight.
The first line of treatment for glaucoma is usually medicated eye drops. These drops work by either reducing the amount of fluid produced in the eye or improving the flow of fluid out of the eye. Common types of eye drops include prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, and alpha agonists.
Studies have shown that regular use of these medications can significantly lower eye pressure and reduce the risk of further damage to the optic nerve. It’s important to use these drops exactly as prescribed, as skipping doses can lead to increased pressure and faster disease progression.
For people who don’t respond well to eye drops or have severe glaucoma, laser treatment may be an option. One common laser procedure is called selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). It targets the drainage system in the eye, improving fluid outflow and lowering pressure.
Research has shown that SLT can be as effective as eye drops in reducing eye pressure, and it’s a quick, painless procedure with minimal recovery time.
Another laser option, laser peripheral iridotomy, is often used for people with a specific type of glaucoma called angle-closure glaucoma. This procedure creates a tiny hole in the iris to improve fluid drainage and reduce pressure.
Surgery is another treatment option for more advanced cases of glaucoma or when other treatments haven’t worked. Traditional surgeries like trabeculectomy involve creating a new drainage channel for eye fluid to leave the eye, lowering pressure.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) have become increasingly popular because they are safer and require less recovery time. These procedures use tiny devices to improve fluid drainage and are often combined with cataract surgery, which is common in adults over 60.
Another promising area of research focuses on neuroprotection—treatments designed to protect the optic nerve from damage. While these treatments are still being studied, they offer hope for slowing glaucoma progression even in cases where reducing eye pressure alone isn’t enough.
Lifestyle changes can also play a role in managing glaucoma. While these changes can’t replace medical treatments, they can support overall eye health. Regular exercise, such as walking or swimming, has been shown to lower eye pressure slightly and improve blood flow to the optic nerve.
A healthy diet rich in leafy greens, colorful vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids may also support eye health. It’s important to avoid habits that could increase eye pressure, like rubbing the eyes or wearing tight neckties.
Regular eye exams are crucial for catching glaucoma early. Adults over 60, particularly those with risk factors like a family history of glaucoma or diabetes, should have their eyes checked every 1-2 years. Early detection is key, as treatment can slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision.
Glaucoma is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing management, but with the right treatments and regular monitoring, most people can maintain their vision and quality of life.
If you or someone you know is over 60, talk to an eye doctor about the best strategies for protecting your eyesight. Early action makes all the difference.
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