Scientists in China have introduced a groundbreaking idea called the “thermal dome,” which could revolutionize thermal invisibility technology.
This new concept, detailed in the journal Engineering, tackles problems that have long limited the practical use of traditional thermal cloaking devices.
Thermal cloaking uses special materials, called thermal metamaterials, to control how heat moves.
A key goal of this technology is to make objects “invisible” to heat detection. However, current methods face big challenges.
Most thermal cloaks fully surround an object, making them hard to use—especially for objects that generate heat. Additionally, while researchers have proposed some advanced designs, these are often complicated and unsuitable for large-scale use in real-world settings.
The thermal dome concept aims to solve these problems. Unlike traditional cloaks, the thermal dome has an open functional area, making it more practical for everyday use.
This feature is particularly helpful for objects that give off heat, such as electronics or machinery.
Inspired by Lego blocks, the dome is designed to be reconfigurable, meaning it can be easily adjusted or assembled to fit different situations. Its shape—a semi-ellipsoid—was carefully chosen for its symmetry and flexibility, ensuring it can meet various design needs.
The researchers used advanced calculations to figure out the exact conditions needed for the dome to achieve thermal invisibility.
They considered the shape and materials of the dome, as well as how heat flows through its layers. For example, they determined specific relationships between the thermal properties of the dome, the object it protects, and the surrounding environment.
To test their idea, the team used computer simulations with software called COMSOL Multiphysics. They also conducted real-world experiments using hemispherical domes made from different materials. The results showed that the dome successfully shielded objects from heat and kept their internal temperatures stable, even when they produced heat themselves.
This new thermal dome could have a wide range of applications, from protecting sensitive electronics to improving heat management in buildings or vehicles. It’s also much easier to use and adapt than traditional cloaking devices, making it a practical solution for engineering challenges.
The researchers hope this concept will inspire further innovations in other areas, such as electric or magnetic fields, opening the door to exciting new technologies in heat control and invisibility.
