A recent study from Gentofte University Hospital in Denmark suggests that using medical marijuana for chronic pain might slightly increase the risk of heart rhythm problems, known as arrhythmias.
While the risk is small, the findings add to ongoing discussions about the potential side effects of cannabis-based medications.
The research analyzed data from 1.6 million adults in Denmark who suffered from chronic pain caused by conditions like cancer, arthritis, or neurological disorders. Among them, nearly 4,600 patients had filled at least one prescription for medical marijuana.
In Denmark, medical marijuana is available in three approved forms: oral CBD solutions and sprays, teas with a mix of THC and CBD, and dronabinol, a synthetic version of THC.
The study revealed that patients who used medical marijuana were 64% more likely to experience an arrhythmia within six months of starting the medication, compared to those who did not use it. However, the absolute risk remained low.
About 0.9% of medical marijuana users developed an arrhythmia during the study period, compared to 0.5% of non-users.
Arrhythmias can vary in severity. Some may cause no noticeable symptoms, while others can lead to dizziness, fainting, or even more serious complications. The researchers could not determine if medical marijuana was linked to specific types of arrhythmias or if the severity of the conditions differed.
One factor complicating the findings is that chronic pain itself—especially when severe enough to require medication like opioids—can increase the risk of arrhythmias. The researchers acknowledged that this may have contributed to the results.
However, they noted that cannabis contains chemicals, such as THC and CBD, that can directly affect the cardiovascular system. These substances can alter heart rate, blood pressure, and blood clotting tendencies, which might explain the increased risk.
This study builds on earlier research raising concerns about marijuana’s impact on the heart. Past studies have linked cannabis use, whether for medical or recreational purposes, to heart attacks, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular issues.
At the same time, some research highlights potential benefits of cannabis, such as its ability to reduce inflammation, protect brain health, and lower the risk of diabetes in certain cases.
The findings were presented by lead researcher Nina Nouhravesh at a meeting of the European Society of Cardiology. They underscore the importance of carefully weighing the benefits and risks of medical marijuana, particularly for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
Patients and healthcare providers should stay informed and consider these risks when deciding on pain management options.
This study adds a critical piece to the puzzle of understanding cannabis and its effects on the body. While medical marijuana may offer relief for chronic pain, it’s essential to monitor its impact on overall health and consult medical professionals about its use.
More research is needed to fully understand these connections and guide safer treatments in the future.
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