A new study reveals that many elderly Canadians are still being prescribed medications that may do more harm than good.
These drugs, known as potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), are often ineffective or have safer alternatives, yet remain commonly used among people over 65.
The study, led by researchers at the McGill University Health Centre, shows that while spending on PIMs has decreased since 2013, certain categories of these drugs—gabapentinoids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and antipsychotics—are being prescribed even more often.
In 2021, 42% of Canadians over 65 had taken at least one PIM.
These medications can lead to serious side effects, including falls, fractures, cognitive problems, and even death, placing additional strain on the healthcare system.
The researchers examined prescription data from 2013 to 2021 and uncovered key trends:
- The use of most PIMs decreased, but prescriptions for gabapentinoids (used for nerve pain), PPIs (for stomach acid), and antipsychotics increased.
- Spending on PIMs dropped from $1.5 billion in 2013 to $1 billion in 2021, largely due to lower drug prices, not fewer prescriptions.
- Men and women were prescribed PIMs differently. For example, spending on antipsychotics increased by 19% for men but stayed the same for women. Meanwhile, opioid prescriptions dropped significantly for women but barely changed for men.
PPIs and gabapentinoids accounted for the highest costs in 2021, with annual expenditures of $211 million and $126 million, respectively.
However, opioids and antipsychotics were the most expensive per person, costing up to $138 per patient.
Gabapentinoids and antipsychotics are often prescribed without proper justification.
For instance, one in four residents in Canadian long-term care facilities takes antipsychotics despite not being diagnosed with psychosis. Similarly, many PPI prescriptions are unnecessary, as studies show that up to half of their use is not evidence-based.
These medications can lead to avoidable health issues, such as emergency room visits and hospitalizations.
Researchers emphasize the need for deprescribing—stopping or replacing inappropriate medications with safer alternatives. This approach could save money and reduce risks for seniors.
The study highlights the importance of targeting overprescribing, especially for the elderly, and exploring differences in prescribing patterns between men and women.
Dr. Emily McDonald, one of the study’s authors, hopes this research will guide healthcare providers in reducing unnecessary prescriptions. “Knowing when and how to deprescribe can improve patient safety and reduce the burden on the healthcare system,” she said.
By addressing these issues, we can help seniors lead healthier lives and ease the strain on Canada’s healthcare system.
If you care about wellness, please read studies about how ultra-processed foods and red meat influence your longevity, and why seafood may boost healthy aging.
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