Scientists at the University of Sydney Nano Institute have made an exciting breakthrough in nanotechnology by using DNA—the building blocks of life—to create tiny, programmable structures.
These “DNA origami” designs could revolutionize fields like medicine, materials science, and even robotics.
The research, published in Science Robotics, offers a glimpse into a future where molecular machines perform tasks that are currently unimaginable.
What is DNA Origami?
DNA origami is a method where DNA strands are folded into specific shapes at a nanoscale level. Imagine a craft project, but instead of paper, researchers use the molecular structure of DNA to create intricate and functional designs.
By using this method, the scientists were able to make over 50 tiny objects, including a dancing robot, a nano-sized map of Australia, and even a miniature dinosaur!
These nanoscale structures are incredibly small—some are only 150 nanometers wide, about a thousand times thinner than a human hair. Despite their size, they have the potential to perform significant tasks.
The team, led by Dr. Minh Tri Luu and Dr. Shelley Wickham, developed a new method for building 3D DNA structures using modular components called “voxels.” Voxels are like 3D pixels, and by assembling them with precision, researchers can create complex shapes and systems.
To ensure these structures are versatile, the team used “Velcro DNA” technology. This involves adding extra DNA strands on the surface of the voxels, which act like Velcro strips with different “colors.” Only matching DNA strands bind together, allowing for precise control of how the pieces connect.
This method makes it possible to create customized nanostructures for a wide range of applications.
What can these tiny robots do?
One of the most promising uses of this technology is in medicine. Researchers envision creating nanoscale robots that can deliver drugs directly to specific parts of the body. These nanobots could be designed to respond to biological signals, ensuring that medications are released only when and where they are needed.
For example, a nanobot could target a cancer cell and release a drug without affecting healthy cells, reducing side effects and improving treatment outcomes.
The technology also has applications in creating materials that change their properties in response to environmental conditions. For instance, these materials could become stronger under stress or adjust their structure based on changes in temperature or acidity. This adaptability could be transformative for industries like medical devices, computing, and electronics.
The team is also exploring how these nanostructures can improve energy-efficient optical signal processing.
By leveraging DNA origami, researchers could create faster, more accurate ways to process images and data. This innovation could lead to advancements in medical diagnostics, security, and electronics.
Dr. Wickham compared the process to building with toys like Meccano or crafting string figures, but at a molecular level. “Instead of using metal or string, we use nanoscale biology to build robots with huge potential,” she explained. These robots are not just for fun—they have the potential to address real-world challenges in health, technology, and energy.
Dr. Luu added, “Our work shows the incredible potential of DNA origami to create tiny, programmable structures. This opens up exciting new possibilities in nanotechnology.”
As researchers continue to refine this technology, the idea of tiny robots working inside the human body or assembling futuristic devices doesn’t seem so far-fetched.
This work highlights the importance of collaboration across disciplines to tackle complex problems and bring innovative solutions to life.
From mini dinosaurs to medical nanobots, the possibilities are endless. This tiny technology is paving the way for big changes in how we think about robotics and the potential of molecular engineering.
Source: University of Sydney.
