New research provides compelling evidence that interpersonal violence or abuse (IVA) at any point in life significantly increases the risk of developing diabetes.
This groundbreaking study, led by researchers at the University of Kentucky Center for Research on Violence Against Women and Meharry Medical College, reveals the dire impact of violence on long-term physical health.
A Pervasive Issue with Quantifiable Risks
The study used data from the Southern Community Cohort Study to analyze the experiences of approximately 25,000 participants.
The results showed a 20% to 35% increased likelihood of developing diabetes for those who have experienced IVA.
Lifetime IVA was broadly defined to include physical or psychological abuse, threats, and childhood neglect or abuse.
The study also underscores that this relationship exists regardless of income, gender, or race, making it a pervasive issue.
Biological Repercussions: Stress, Cortisol, and Insulin
Chronic stress due to violence or abuse triggers biological responses like elevated cortisol levels and suppressed insulin function.
These responses contribute to elevated blood sugar levels, thereby directly affecting the risk of developing diabetes.
Economic and Social Costs
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the economic burden of IVA to be around $3.6 trillion, while that of diabetes stands at $327 billion.
These staggering numbers emphasize the critical need for multi-disciplinary intervention to curb both issues.
Preventive Measures: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach
According to Ann Coker, Ph.D., a principal investigator on the study, “If we can take steps to reduce the risk of violence and trauma, we can also reduce the risk of developing diabetes.”
The researchers advocate for a variety of preventive strategies, such as:
- Strengthening economic supports for families.
- Promoting social norms that protect against adversity and violence.
- Ensuring strong starts for children in terms of both emotional and physical well-being.
- Teaching life skills to youths and connecting them with caring adults.
- Implementing effective interventions to reduce harm and potential for violence.
The Bottom Line: Prevention is Possible
While the findings are concerning, they also offer a silver lining: Both violence and type 2 diabetes are preventable conditions.
As Dr. Maureen Sanderson points out, this research highlights the need for coordinated efforts across various sectors—healthcare, education, social services—to implement effective strategies for violence prevention and consequently, diabetes prevention.
By addressing the root causes and contributing factors of interpersonal violence, not only can the immediate trauma be alleviated, but the long-term health risks like diabetes can also be mitigated.
The study was published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
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