Researchers at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology have found that exercise can benefit brain health by promoting neuronal development in the brain.
The study, published in the journal Neuroscience, focused on how the chemical signals released by exercising muscles can benefit a specific part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is crucial for learning and memory.
How the study was conducted
The researchers collected small muscle cell samples from mice and grew them in cell culture dishes in the lab.
When the muscle cells matured, they began to contract on their own, releasing their chemical signals into the cell culture.
The culture, which now contained the chemical signals from the mature muscle cells, was then added to another culture containing hippocampal neurons and other support cells known as astrocytes.
To examine how exposure to these chemical signals affected the hippocampal cells, the researchers used several measures, including immunofluorescent and calcium imaging to track cell growth and multi-electrode arrays to record neuronal electrical activity.
Results of the study
The results showed that exposure to the chemical signals from contracting muscle cells caused hippocampal neurons to generate larger and more frequent electrical signals, which is a sign of robust growth and health.
Within a few days, the neurons started firing these electrical signals more synchronously.
This suggests that the neurons were forming a more mature network together and mimicking the organization of neurons in the brain.
Role of astrocytes
The researchers also found that astrocytes played a critical role in mediating the effects of exercise. Astrocytes are the first responders in the brain before the compounds from muscles reach the neurons.
By regulating neuronal activity and preventing hyperexcitability of neurons, astrocytes contribute to the balance necessary for optimal brain function.
Implications of the study
Understanding the chemical pathway between muscle contraction and the growth and regulation of hippocampal neurons is just the first step in understanding how exercise helps improve brain health.
The research may contribute to the development of more effective exercise regimens for cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of exercise in promoting brain health by improving neuronal development in the hippocampus, a crucial area for learning and memory.
By regulating neuronal activity and preventing hyperexcitability of neurons, astrocytes contribute to the balance necessary for optimal brain function.
Understanding the chemical pathway between muscle contraction and the growth and regulation of hippocampal neurons is the first step in developing more effective exercise regimens for cognitive disorders.
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The study was published in Neuroscience.
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