Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes.
It works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity in the body.
Metformin has been shown to be effective in controlling blood sugar levels and reducing the risk of complications associated with type 2 diabetes.
In this review, we will examine the health benefits and side effects of metformin.
Health Benefits
Lowering blood sugar levels: Metformin is effective in reducing blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
It works by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the sensitivity of the body’s cells to insulin.
Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease: Metformin has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
A study published in the Lancet in 2005 found that metformin reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease by 39% compared to placebo.
Weight loss: Metformin has been shown to be effective in promoting weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
It works by reducing appetite and increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin, which can help reduce the amount of glucose absorbed by the body and decrease the amount of fat stored.
Lowering inflammation: Metformin has been shown to lower inflammation levels in the body, which may reduce the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease.
Side Effects
Gastrointestinal upset: Metformin can cause gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
These side effects are usually mild and temporary and can be reduced by taking the medication with food.
Vitamin B12 deficiency: Metformin can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 in the body, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency. This can cause anemia, nerve damage, and other health problems.
Lactic acidosis: Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect of metformin. It occurs when the body accumulates too much lactic acid, which can be life-threatening.
Lactic acidosis is more likely to occur in individuals with kidney or liver disease, and those who take high doses of metformin.
Hypoglycemia: Metformin can lower blood sugar levels too much, leading to hypoglycemia. This can cause symptoms like shakiness, dizziness, and confusion.
Hypoglycemia is more likely to occur in individuals who take high doses of metformin or who have kidney or liver disease.
Conclusion
Metformin is a medication that is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing blood sugar levels, promoting weight loss, reducing inflammation, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
However, metformin can also cause side effects like gastrointestinal upset, vitamin B12 deficiency, lactic acidosis, and hypoglycemia.
It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to monitor the use of metformin and adjust dosages as needed. While metformin is generally considered safe and effective, it may not be appropriate for everyone.
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