Scientists from The University of Manchester found that boosting physical activity levels and curbing sitting time is highly likely to lower breast cancer risk.
Previous studies show that physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are linked to higher breast cancer risk, but proving they cause breast cancer is another matter.
The researchers, therefore, examined whether lifelong physical activity and sitting time might be causally related to breast cancer risk in general, and specifically to different types of tumors.
They used data from 130,957 women of European ancestry: 69, 838 of them had tumors that had spread locally (invasive); 6667 had tumors that hadn’t yet done so (in situ), and a comparison group of 54,452 women didn’t have breast cancer.
The researchers showed that a higher overall level of genetically predicted physical activity was linked to a 41% lower risk of invasive breast cancer, and this was largely irrespective of menopausal status, tumor type, stage, or grade.
Similarly, vigorous physical activity on 3 or more days of the week was linked to a 38% lower risk of breast cancer, compared with no self-reported vigorous activity. These findings were consistent across most of the case groups.
Finally, a greater level of genetically predicted sitting time was linked to a 104% higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer. These findings were consistent across hormone-negative tumor types.
The team says there are plausible biological explanations for their findings, and a reasonable body of evidence indicating numerous causal pathways between physical activity and breast cancer risks, such as overweight/obesity, disordered metabolism, sex hormones, and inflammation.
The study adds further evidence that such behavioral changes are likely to lower the incidence of future breast cancer rates.
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The research was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and conducted by Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen et al.
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