The omicron variant causes less severe disease than Delta although it is better at escaping immune protection by vaccinations and previous infections.
The reasons for this have so far remained elusive.
In a new study from the University of Kent, researchers found that omicron variant viruses are particularly sensitive to inhibition by the so-called interferon response, an unspecific immune response that is present in all body cells.
This provides the first explanation of why COVID-19 patients infected with the omicron variant are less likely to experience severe disease.
The cell culture study also showed that omicron viruses remain sensitive to eight of the most important antiviral drugs and drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.
This included EIDD-1931 (active metabolite of molnupiravir), ribavirin, remdesivir, favipravir, PF-07321332 (nirmatrelvir, active ingredient of paxlovid), nafamostat, camostat, and aprotinin.
The study provides for the first time an explanation, why omicron infections are less likely to cause severe disease.
This is due to omicron, in contrast to Delta, does not effectively inhibit the host cell interferon immune response.
Although cell culture experiments do not exactly reflect the more complex situation in a patient, the results provide encouraging evidence that the available antiviral COVID-19 drugs are also effective against omicron.
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The study was conducted by Prof Martin Michaelis et al.
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