Some types of prostate cancer may not be that aggressive

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In a new study, researchers found that some types of prostate cancer may not be as aggressive as originally thought.

They analyzed gene-expression patterns in the most aggressive prostate cancer grade group—known as Gleason grade group 5—and found that this grade of cancer can actually be subdivided into four subtypes with distinct differences.

The findings may affect how people are treated for the disease.

The research was conducted by a team at the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Prostate cancer is the leading solid-tumor cancer among men in the United States and a major cause of morbidity globally.

While early-stage, localized prostate cancer is curable, current treatments don’t always work for everyone.

To find out why standard treatment may work for some and not others, the team looked at tumors in the Gleason grade group 5 subset of prostate cancer.

Traditionally, all tumors in Gleason grade group 5 have been treated in the same way.

These tumors are at the highest risk to fail standard treatment, leading to metastasis and death.

The researchers thought that studying the gene expression—the unique “signature”—of each cancer cell in these tumors might provide insight into how to make treatments more personalized for each patient.

The researchers first analyzed data from more than 2,100 Gleason grade group 5 tumors, looking at how the genetic blueprints differed among the tumors.

They identified distinct clusters of subgroups and validated their findings by analyzing an additional cohort of more than 1,900 Gleason grade group 5 prostate cancers.

One subtype of prostate cancer, which accounts for about 15% of the grade group 5 cancers, has highly aggressive features and is linked to much worse outcomes than the other subtypes.

Another, which makes up about 20% of the tumors, appears to be much less aggressive and may not require intensified and aggressive treatments.

By using genetic information from tumors in men with prostate cancer, physicians hope to one day create more personalized treatments based on the actual characteristics of cancer.

This information will help optimize the quality of life and avoid overtreating subgroups of men who may not need aggressive treatments.

The study is published in the journal European Urology.

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