In a new study, researchers found that antibodies from recovered patients can be life-saving for other people with COVID-19 infection.
The research was conducted by a team at the Hashemite University, Jordan.
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 4 million people and killed close to 280,000. Finding a vaccine has become a global public health priority.
However, creating a viable vaccine might take a long time; scientists estimate a vaccine may be available in between 12 and 18 months.
A potential interim solution may be a passive vaccine, or passive immunization (PI), which can provide instant, short-term fortification against infectious agents.
In the study, the team found using valuable plasma from recovered patients might be useful in our global war against COVID-19.
They have studied the application of PI in previous pandemics and conclude that this approach is a potential solution to address the immediate health threat of COVID-19.
After exposure to a viral infection, an individual’s body creates antibodies to fight off the virus.
These antibodies in the blood of a recovered patient can be collected as convalescent plasma and transferred to the blood of a newly infected patient where it can neutralize the pathogen, eliminate it from the bloodstream, and boost immunity.
While PI does not provide long-term protection against the virus, it can reduce the aggressiveness and mortality of infection.
The use of PI immunization dates to the beginning of the twentieth century during the Spanish flu epidemic when patients who received convalescent plasma serum had lower mortality rates than others.
Experimental usage of PI during outbreaks of the Ebola virus, chikungunya virus, and the H1N1 flu also shows the potential of using PI in the prevention and treatment of viral infection.
There is evidence as well of the effectiveness of the PI technique in the SARS-CoV epidemic in Guandong, China, and the MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia, particularly if it is introduced soon after symptom onset.
In one report, patients who received PI had a significantly shorter hospital stay and lower mortality than other groups.
In another, patients who received convalescent plasma before day 14 of illness had a higher discharge rate. Healthcare workers who were infected with SARS-CoV and failed to respond to treatment survived after transfusion with convalescent plasma.
The team says if scientists are looking for COVID-19 treatment, you will find it in the blood of survivors.
In a time when no registered antiviral drug or vaccine is available, PI might help in slowing down the deadly virus and save lives, particularly for the elderly and patients with pre-existing conditions.
More than 1.5 million people have recovered from the disease, and many of them would be willing to donate plasma to help slow down the pandemic.
One author of the study is Foad Alzoughool, Ph.D. from the Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences.
The study is published in the International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine.
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