Loss of smell and taste has been anecdotally linked to COVID-19 infections.
In a new study, researchers report the first empirical findings that strongly associate sensory loss with COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus.
According to them, if you have smell and taste loss, you are more than 10 times more likely to have COVID-19 infection than other causes of infection.
The most common first sign of a COVID-19 infection remains fever, but fatigue and loss of smell and taste follow as other very common initial symptoms.
This study supports the need to be aware of smell and taste loss as early signs of COVID-19
The research was conducted by a team at UC San Diego Health.
They surveyed 1,480 patients with flu-like symptoms and concerns regarding potential COVID-19 infection who underwent testing at UC San Diego Health from March 3 through March 29, 2020.
Within that total, 102 patients tested positive for the virus and 1,378 tested negative. The study included responses from 59 COVID-19-positive patients and 203 COVID-19-negative patients.
The study demonstrated the high prevalence and unique presentation of certain sensory impairments in patients positive with COVID-19. Of those who reported the loss of smell and taste, the loss was typically profound, not mild.
But encouragingly, the rate of recovery of smell and taste was high and occurred usually within two to four weeks of infection.
The team says the study not only showed that the high incidence of smell and taste is specific to COVID-19 infection but it fortunately also found that for the majority of people sensory recovery was generally rapid.
Among the covid-19 patients with smell loss, more than 70% had reported improvement of smell at the time of the survey and of those who hadn’t reported improvement, many had only been diagnosed recently.
Sensory return typically matched the timing of disease recovery. Interestingly, the researchers found that persons who reported experiencing a sore throat more often tested negative for COVID-19.
In an effort to decrease the risk of virus transmission, the team now includes loss of smell and taste as a screening requirement for visitors and staff, as well as a marker for testing patients who may be positive for the virus.
Other known symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, cough and difficulty breathing.
Respondents in this study were most often persons with milder forms of COVID-19 infection who did not require hospitalization or intubation.
The findings underline the importance of identifying early or subtle symptoms of COVID-19 infection in people who may be at risk of transmitting the disease as they recuperate within the community.
One author of the study is Carol Yan, MD, an otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon at UC San Diego Health.
The study is published in the journal International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.
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